On the Divergence of Perturbation Theory: Steps Towards a Convergent Series

The mechanism underlying the divergence of perturbation theory is exposed. This is done through a detailed study of the violation of the hypothesis of the Dominated Convergence Theorem of Lebesgue using familiar techniques of Quantum Field Theory. That theorem governs the validity (or lack of it) of the formal manipulations done to generate the perturbative series in the functional integral formalism. The aspects of the perturbative series that need to be modified to obtain a convergent series are presented. Useful tools for a practical implementation of these modifications are developed. Some resummation methods are analyzed in the light of the above mentioned mechanism

Assessing Coastal Sustainability: A Bayesian Approach for Modeling and Estimating a Global Index for Measuring Risk

Integrated Coastal Zone Management is an emerg- ing research area. The aim is to provide a global view of dif- ferent and heterogeneous aspects interacting in a geographical area. Decision Support Systems, integrating Computational Intelligence methods, can be successfully used to estimate use- ful anthropic and environmental indexes. Bayesian Networks have been widely used in the environmental science domain. In this paper a Bayesian model for estimating the Sustainable Coastal Index is presented. The designed Bayesian Network consists of 17 nodes, hierarchically organized in 4 layers. The first layer is initialized with the season and the physiographic region information. In the second layer, the first-order in- dexes, depending on raw data, of physiographic regions are computed. The third layer estimates the second-order indexes of the analyzed physiographic regions. In the fourth layer, the global Sustainable Coastal Index is inferred. Processed data refers to 13 physiographic regions in the Province of Trapani, western Sicily, Italy. Gathered data describes the environ- mental information, the agricultural, fisheries, and economi- cal behaviors of the local population and land. The Bayesian Network was trained and tested using a real dataset acquired between 2000 and 2006. The developed system presents inter- esting results

Influence of Biochar on the Properties of Antibacterial PBAT/Carvacrol Films

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in antibacterial biopolymeric films. Among the different approaches for tuning the release kinetic of antibacterial compounds, the use of natural fillers allows for this purpose while optimizing the processability and the mechanical properties of the products. In this work, the effect of three different concentrations of biochar (BC) was investigated on the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of Polybutylene adipate terephthalate/Carvacrol/BC (PBAT/CV/BC) ternary biocomposites. The films were fabricated by means of melt mixing and compression molding and compared to PBAT/BC samples. The carvacrol kinetic release was evaluated as a function of the BC concentration in the ternary system. Results highlighted that BC allows tuning the properties of PBAT and of PBAT/CV samples and modifying the release kinetic of CV. Finally, the antimicrobial analysis revealed that PBAT/CV films exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus

Diamond electro-optomechanical resonators integrated in nanophotonic circuits

Diamond integrated photonic devices are promising candidates for emerging applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics. Here we demonstrate active modulation of diamond nanophotonic circuits by exploiting mechanical degrees of freedom in free-standing diamond electro-optomechanical resonators. We obtain high quality factors up to 9600, allowing us to read out the driven nanomechanical response with integrated optical interferometers with high sensitivity. We are able to excite higher order mechanical modes up to 115 MHz and observe the nanomechanical response also under ambient conditions.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

CO2 fluxes of Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. trees in relation to water status

Gas exchange pattern in O. ficus-indica(OFI), refers to the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM); trees have nocturnal stomata opening, so net CO2 uptake and water loss occur during the cooler part ofthe 24-hour cycle. Succulent cladodes skip severe periods of drought through their water storer tissue (parenchyma). To study carbon fluxes in stress and no stress conditions, an experiment was carried out on 3-year-old irrigated and non-irrigated OFI potted trees; whole tree gas exchange was measured continuously with a balloon system made up by a portable Infrared Gas Analyzer. Continuous measurements(nighttime) during the summer season were useful to assess differences in carbon uptake under stress and no stress conditions. There was a gradual increment (5 μmol m2 s-1in June, 7 μmol m2 s-1 in July and 8.8 μmol m2 s-1 in August) in terms of CO2 uptake in irrigated trees from June to August 2010. The uptake was lower in stressed trees than in irrigated ones in each measurements date. Measurements carried out on non-irrigated trees showed carbon gain even 60 days after irrigation was stopped, with less than 2% of soil water content, far below the wilting point. Considering an average of 6.9 μmol CO2 m2 s-1, for well watered trees, from June to August, and a stem area index (SAI) of 2, a daily amount of 21.8 kg ha-1 d-1 of CO2 was accumulated in irrigated trees in that period, corresponding to a carbon assimilation of 0.54 T ha-1

MICROMETEOROLOGICAL AND SAP FLOW MEASUREMENT OF WATER VAPOUR EXCHANGES IN OLIVE: SCALING UP FROM CANOPY TO ORCHARD

A comparison of water consumption evaluated at tree and orchard level was carried out in a commercial olive orchard located in Sicily using up-scaled sap-flow evapotranspiration estimations and eddy covariance measurements. Sap flow probes were installed on olive trees placed in one of the four plots characterizing a heterogeneous orchard. Trees were chosen, from a preliminary footprint analysis, in correspondence to the peak of the “relative normalized contribution” to flux for the prevailing wind conditions measured by an eddy covariance station localized in the central part of the orchard. Tree-age and planting density as well as main tree and orchard characteristics (Leaf Area per tree, within plot distribution of Trunk Cross Sectional Area TCSA, height and canopy diameter), were used to characterize the plot-to-plot differences. Both TCSA and LAI adopted as scaling parameters showed a high performance. A good agreement between ETec (daily integral of EC-estimated evapotranspiration) and ETsf (up-scale sap flow ET estimate) was found in correspondence of limited canopy or soil evaporation conditions (absence of rain, dew, irrigation supply). Eddy covariance can be considered a reliable reference for up-scaled sap flow estimations of ET, and sap flow can be used as a replacement (proxy) of eddy covariance when atmospheric conditions invalidate the application of this technique to assess ET

Experimental Study on Delamination Migration in Composite Laminates

AbstractThe transition of delamination growth between different ply interfaces in composite tape laminates, known as migration, was investigated experimentally. The test method used promotes delamination growth initially along a 0/θ ply interface, which eventually migrates to a neighbouring θ/0 ply interface. Specimens with θ=60° and 75° were tested. Migration occurs in two main stages: (1) the initial 0/θ interface delamination turns, transforming into intraply cracks that grow through the θ plies; this process occurs at multiple locations across the width of a specimen, (2) one or more of these cracks growing through the θ plies reaches and turns into the θ/0 ply interface, where it continues to grow as a delamination. A correlation was established between these experimental observations and the shear stress sign at the delamination front, obtained by finite element analyses.Overall, the experiments provide insight into the key mechanisms that govern delamination growth and migration

Quantifying High-Order Interactions in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Networks

We present a method to analyze the dynamics of physiological networks beyond the framework of pairwise interactions. Our method defines the so-called O-information rate (OIR) as a measure of the higher-order interaction among several physiological variables. The OIR measure is computed from the vector autoregressive representation of multiple time series, and is applied to the network formed by heart period, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, respiration and cerebral blood flow variability series measured in healthy subjects at rest and after head-up tilt. Our results document that cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory interactions are highly redundant, and that redundancy is enhanced by the entrainment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular oscillations and by sympathetic activation