Time and Money spent on Children: Effect of the (Grand)Parents’ Education and Substitution within Time Allocations

This paper looks at the link between education of both partners and the time and money they spend on their children. Taking advantage of detailed microdata, it goes one step further than most previous studies as we control for the time constraint faced by the individuals, as well as interdependencies in the time spent in various activities by partners. This is done by performing Seemingly Unrelated Regressions. We see that, while the division of time between men and women is still gendered, it gets more egalitarian when the individuals have a high level of education. Concerning the investments in children, we find that children with parents with a low level of education suffer from less investments from their parents both in terms of time and money. Overall, our results seem to back up the gender ideology theory with education driving the transition from conservative to more egalitarian gender ideology and to be transmitted across generations with grandparents serving as gendered role models for the parents

Development of the PAT toolkit for continuous bioprocessing

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Female Managers in Hybrid Organizations: Evidence from Financial Cooperatives in Senegal

This paper brings new insights on gender interaction in the management of hybrid organizations. Our database comes from Union des Mutuelles du Partenariat pour la Mobilisation de l’Epargne et du Crédit au Sénégal (UM-PAMECAS), a Senegalese network made of 38 financial cooperatives providing 419,602 members with micro-loans. We use fixed-effect panel estimation to analyze the interplay of female/male-dominated boards with female/male managers. The regressions explain the average loan size and the proportion of loans granted to women. Our results show that male managers mitigate the social orientation of female-dominated boards. In contrast, female managers tend to enhance this orientation. More puzzling is the influence of female managers associated with male-dominated boards. In this case, the presence of a female manager increases the average loan size and reduces the proportion of loans granted to women. In sum, female managers tend to align their objectives on those of the local board even though their hierarchy is at the central level. They avoid as much as possible conflicts with their local board members

Co-current Filtrate Flow in Tff Perfusion Processes: Decoupling Transmembrane Pressure from Crossflow to Improve Product Sieving

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Towards a Metropolitan City Centre for Brussels

Between 2015 and 2020, the city centre of Brussels witnessed the creation of its first major pedestrian zone, one of the largest urban projects in recent decades. Has the Brussels city centre finally done away with the car hegemony? Can the city centre be extended to become the centre of the Brussels metropolis where everyone can find his or her own place? This book presents scientific background to the issue and brings together in words and images the research carried out over the past four years by the Brussels Centre Observatory

La gouvernance des coopératives d'épargne et de crédit en microfinance: un enjeu de taille

Les coopératives d’épargne et de crédit (coopec) représentent un acteur important dans le secteur de la microfinance. Elles servent actuellement plus de 59 millions de membres en Afrique, en Asie et en Amérique latine. Ces organisations ont de nombreux avantages comparatifs qui leur permettent notamment de servir des régions rurales reculées, plus difficiles à atteindre pour les IMF classiques. Cependant, malgré leur importance manifeste, les coopec restent peu étudiées au sein de la recherche en microfinance. L’une des principales critiques qui leur sont généralement adressées concerne leur faiblesse en termes de gouvernance, un véritable enjeu pour ces organisations au fonctionnement démocratique. Dans ce papier, nous abordons cette problématique en essayant d’identifier quels sont les grands problèmes de gouvernance rencontrés par les coopec ainsi que les nouveaux défis induits par la croissance. Nous analysons également les principaux mécanismes de contrôle présents au sein de ces organisations et leur évolution avec la croissance