249 research outputs found
Accurate Performance Estimationof high-speed Digital Optical Signals
A novel technique allows an easy and accurate estimation of the system BER by collecting the statistical distribution of the analog samples, i.e. before decision. The scheme is confirmed by both simulations and experimental measurements
DGD monitoring issues in high-speedpolarisation multiplexed coherent QPSKsystems
Optical performance monitoring based on digital signal processing
(DSP) of a polarisation diverse coherent receiver can allow the estimation
of the differential group delay (DGD) of the link fibre. In this
reported work, it was found that the DGD estimation can be affected
by substantial errors, since the DSP can introduce or leave uncompensated
any symbol-time delay between orthogonal polarisations and
cannot discriminate the in-line DGD from any other link delay.
These issues are investigated and a method is proposed to partially
overcome the problems
Effective method for Blind Adaptive CD Compensation and Estimation in a DSP-based Coherent Optical Systems
A blind adaptive chromatic dispersion compensation and estimation algorithm is proposed
and experimentally validated. The method is based on a Frequency Domain Equalizer, a
Time Domain Equalizer and an Optical Performance Monitoring in a loop configuration
The putative Escherichia coli dehydrogenase YjhC metabolises two dehydrated forms of N-acetylneuraminate produced by some sialidases
Homologues of the putative dehydrogenase YjhC are found in operons involved in the metabolism of N-acetylneuraminate (Neu5Ac) or related compounds. We observed that purified recombinant YjhC forms Neu5Ac from two dehydrated forms of this compound, 2,7-anhydro-N-acetylneuraminate (2,7-AN) and 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminate (2,3-EN) that are produced during the degradation of sialoconjugates by some sialidases. The conversion of 2,7-AN into Neu5Ac is reversible and reaches its equilibrium when the ratio of 2,7-AN to Neu5Ac is â1/6. The conversion of 2,3-EN is irreversible, leading to a mixture of Neu5Ac and 2,7-AN. NMR analysis of the reaction catalysed by YjhC on 2,3-EN indicated that Neu5Ac was produced as the α-anomer. All conversions require NAD+ as a cofactor, which is regenerated in the reaction. They appear to involve the formation of keto (presumably 4-keto) intermediates of 2,7-AN, 2,3-EN and Neu5Ac, which were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The proposed reaction mechanism is reminiscent of the one catalysed by family 4 ÎČ-glycosidases, which also use NAD+ as a cofactor. Both 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN support the growth of Escherichia coli provided the repressor NanR, which negatively controls the expression of the yjhBC operons, has been inactivated. Inactivation of either YjhC or YjhB in NanR-deficient cells prevents the growth on 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN. This confirms the role of YjhC in 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN metabolism and indicates that transport of 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN is carried out by YjhB, which is homologous to the Neu5Ac transporter NanT
The metalloprotein YhcH is an anomerase providing N-acetylneuraminate aldolase with the open form of its substrate
N-acetylneuraminate (Neu5Ac), an abundant sugar present in glycans in vertebrates and some bacteria, can be used as an energy source by several prokaryotes, including Escherichia coli. In solution, more than 99% of Neu5Ac is in cyclic form (â92% beta-anomer and â7% alpha-anomer), whereas <0.5% is in the open form. The aldolase that initiates Neu5Ac metabolism in E. coli, NanA, has been reported to act on the alphaanomer. Surprisingly, when we performed this reaction at pH 6 to minimize spontaneous anomerization, we found NanA and its human homolog NPL preferentially metabolize the open form of this substrate. We tested whether the E. coli Neu5Ac anomerase NanM could promote turnover, finding it stimulated the utilization of both beta and alpha-anomers by NanA in vitro. However, NanM is localized in the periplasmic space and cannot facilitate Neu5Ac metabolism by NanA in the cytoplasm in vivo. We discovered that YhcH, a cytoplasmic protein encoded by many Neu5Ac catabolic operons and belonging to a protein family of unknown function (DUF386), also facilitated Neu5Ac utilization by NanA and NPL and displayed Neu5Ac anomerase activity in vitro. YhcH contains Zn, and its accelerating effect on the aldolase reaction was inhibited by metal chelators. Remarkably, several transition metals accelerated Neu5Ac anomerization in the absence of enzyme. Experiments with E. coli mutants indicated that YhcH expression provides a selective advantage for growth on Neu5Ac. In conclusion, YhcH plays the unprecedented role of providing an aldolase with the preferred unstable open form of its substrate
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