455 research outputs found
Pathway toward the formation of supermixed states in ultracold boson mixtures loaded in ring lattices
We investigate the mechanism of formation of supermixed soliton-like states
in bosonic binary mixtures loaded in ring lattices. We evidence the presence of
a common pathway which, irrespective of the number of lattice sites and upon
variation of the interspecies attraction, leads the system from a mixed and
delocalized phase to a supermixed and localized one, passing through an
intermediate phase where the supermixed soliton progressively emerges. The
degrees of mixing, localization and quantum correlation of the two condensed
species, quantified by means of suitable indicators commonly used in
Statistical Thermodynamics and Quantum Information Theory, allow one to
reconstruct a bi-dimensional mixing-supermixing phase diagram featuring two
characteristic critical lines. Our analysis is developed both within a
semiclassical approach capable of capturing the essential features of the
two-step mixing-demixing transition and with a fully-quantum approach.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
The phase-separation mechanism of a binary mixture in a ring trimer
We show that, depending on the ratio between the inter- and the intra-species
interactions, a binary mixture trapped in a three-well potential with periodic
boundary conditions exhibits three macroscopic ground-state configurations
which differ in the degree of mixing. Accordingly, the corresponding quantum
states feature either delocalization or a Schr\"odinger cat-like structure. The
two-step phase separation occurring in the system, which is smoothed by the
activation of tunnelling processes, is confirmed by the analysis of the energy
spectrum that collapses and rearranges at the two critical points. In such
points, we show that also Entanglement Entropy, a quantity borrowed from
quantum-information theory, features singularities, thus demonstrating its
ability to witness the double mixining-demixing phase transition. The developed
analysis, which is of interest to both the experimental and theoretical
communities, opens the door to the study of the demixing mechanism in complex
lattice geometries.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Two-species boson mixture on a ring: A group theoretic approach to the quantum dynamics of low-energy excitations
We investigate the weak excitations of a system made up of two condensates
trapped in a Bose-Hubbard ring and coupled by an interspecies repulsive
interaction. Our approach, based on the Bogoliubov approximation scheme, shows
that one can reduce the problem Hamiltonian to the sum of sub-Hamiltonians
, each one associated to momentum modes . Each is
then recognized to be an element of a dynamical algebra. This uncommon and
remarkable property allows us to present a straightforward diagonalization
scheme, to find constants of motion, to highlight the significant microscopic
processes, and to compute their time evolution. The proposed solution scheme is
applied to a simple but still very interesting closed circuit, the trimer. The
dynamics of low-energy excitations, corresponding to weakly-populated vortices,
is investigated considering different choices of the initial conditions, and
the angular-momentum transfer between the two condensates is evidenced.
Finally, the condition for which the spectral collapse and dynamical
instability are observed is derived analytically.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Phase separation can be stronger than chaos
We investigate several dynamical regimes characterizing a bosonic binary
mixture loaded in a ring trimer, with particular reference to the persistence
of demixing. The degree of phase separation is evaluated by means of the
"Entropy of mixing", an indicator borrowed from Statistical Thermodynamics.
Three classes of demixed stationary configurations are identified and their
energetic and linear stability carefully analyzed. An extended set of
trajectories originating in the vicinity of fixed points are explicitly
simulated and chaos is shown to arise according to three different mechanisms.
In many dynamical regimes, we show that chaos is not able to disrupt the order
imposed by phase separation, i.e. boson populations, despite evolving in a
chaotic fashion, do not mix. This circumstance can be explained either with
energetic considerations or in terms of dynamical restrictions.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Residual entropy and critical behavior of two interacting boson species in a double well
Motivated by the importance of entanglement and correlation indicators in the
analysis of quantum systems, we study the equilibrium and the bipartite
residual entropy in a two-species Bose Hubbard dimer when the spatial phase
separation of the two species takes place. We consider both the zero and
non-zero-temperature regime. We present different kinds of residual entropies
(each one associated to a different way of partitioning the system), and we
show that they strictly depend on the specific quantum phase characterizing the
two species (supermixed, mixed or demixed) even at finite temperature. To
provide a deeper physical insight into the zero-temperature scenario, we apply
the fully-analytical variational approach based on su(2) coherent states and
provide a considerably good approximation of the entanglement entropy. Finally,
we show that the effectiveness of bipartite residual entropy as a critical
indicator at non-zero temperature is unchanged when considering a restricted
combination of energy eigenstates.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure
Relative dynamics of quantum vortices and massive cores in binary BECs
We study the motion of superfluid vortices with filled massive cores.
Previous point-vortex models already pointed out the impact of the core mass on
the vortex dynamical properties, but relied on an assumption that is
questionable in many physical systems where the immiscibility condition is
barely satisfied: the fact that the massive core always lays at the very bottom
of the effective confining potential constituted by the hosting vortex. Here,
we relax this assumption and present a new point-vortex model where quantum
vortices are harmonically coupled to their massive cores. We thoroughly explore
the new dynamical regimes offered by this improved model; we then show that the
functional dependence of the system normal modes on the microscopic parameters
can be correctly interpreted only within this new generalized framework. Our
predictions are benchmarked against the numerical simulations of coupled
Gross-Pitaevskii equations for a realistic mixture of atomic Bose-Einstein
condensates.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure
Ground-state properties and phase separation of binary mixtures in mesoscopic ring lattices
We investigated the spatial phase separation of the two components forming a bosonic mixture distributed in a four-well lattice with a ring geometry. We studied the ground state of this system, described by means of a binary Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian, by implementing a well-known coherent-state picture which allowed us to find the semi-classical equations determining the distribution of boson components in the ring lattice. Their fully analytic solutions, in the limit of large boson numbers, provide the boson populations at each well as a function of the interspecies
interaction and of other significant model parameters, while allowing to reconstruct the non-trivial architecture of the ground-state four-well phase diagram. The comparison with the L-well (L = 2, 3) phase diagrams highlights how increasing the number of wells considerably modifies the phase diagram structure and the transition mechanism from the full-mixing to the full-demixing phase controlled by the interspecies interaction. Despite the fact that the phase diagrams for L = 2, 3, 4 share various general properties, we show that, unlike attractive binary mixtures, repulsive mixtures do not feature a transition mechanism which can be extended to an arbitrary lattice of size L
Massive quantum vortices in superfluids
We consider the dynamical properties of quantum vortices with filled massive cores,
hence the term “massive vortices”. While the motion of massless vortices is described by first-order motion equations, the inclusion of core mass introduces a second-order time derivative in the motion equations and thus doubles the number of independent dynamical variables needed to describe the vortex. The simplest possible system where this physics is present, i.e. a single massive vortex in a circular domain, is thoroughly discussed. We point out that a massive vortex can exhibit various dynamical regimes, as opposed to its massless counterpart, which can only precess at a constant rate. The predictions of our analytical model are validated by means of numerical simulations of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations, which indeed display the signature of the core inertial mass. Eventually, we discuss a nice formal analogy between the motion of massive vortices and that of massive charges in two-dimensional domains pierced by magnetic fields
The mixing-demixing phase diagram of ultracold heteronuclear mixtures in a ring trimer
We derive the complete mixing-demixing phase-diagram relevant to a bosonic binary mixture confined in a ring trimer and modeled within the Bose-Hubbard picture. The mixing properties of the two quantum fluids, which are shown to be strongly affected by the fragmented character of the confining potential, are evaluated by means of a specific indicator imported from Statistical Thermodynamics and are shown to depend only on two effective parameters incorporating the asymmetry between the heteronuclear species. To closely match realistic experimental conditions, our study is extended also beyond the pointlike approximation of potential wells by describing the systems in terms of two coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The resulting mean-field analysis confirms the rich scenario of mixing-demixing transitions of the mixture and also constitutes an effective springboard towards a viable experimental realization. We additionally propose an experimental realization based on a realistic optical-tweezers system and on the bosonic mixture 23 Na + 39 K, thanks to the large tunability of their intra- and inter-species scattering lengths. © 2019, The Author(s)
Dynamics of massive point vortices in binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
We study the massive point-vortex model introduced in Ref. [Phys. Rev. A 101,
013630 (2020)], which describes two-dimensional point vortices of one species
that have small cores of a different species. We derive the relevant Lagrangian
itself, based on the time-dependent variational method with a two-component
Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) trial function. The resulting Lagrangian resembles that
of charged particles in a static electromagnetic field, where the canonical
momentum includes an electromagnetic term. The simplest example is a single
vortex with a rigid circular boundary, where a massless vortex can only precess
uniformly. In contrast, the presence of a sufficiently large filled vortex core
renders such precession unstable. A small core mass can also lead to small
radial oscillations, which are, in turn, clear evidence of the associated
inertial effect. Detailed numerical analysis of coupled two-component GP
equations with a single vortex and small second-component core confirms the
presence of such radial oscillations, implying that this more realistic GP
vortex also acts as if it has a small massive core.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
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