Produção Integrada de Amendoim nos Estados de São Paulo, Ceará e Paraíba.

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Host specificity of a Brazilian isolate of Alternaria cassiae (Cenargen CG593) under greenhouse conditions

Several Alternaria cassiae isolates were recovered from diseased sicklepod plants (Senna obtusifolia) in the southern regions of Brazil. A representative isolate (Cenargen CG593) was tested for its host range under greenhouse conditions. The fungus promoted symptoms in sicklepod, cassava (Manihot dulce), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) when tested at a spore concentration of 10(6) spores ml(-1). When the plants were inoculated with a suspension of 10(5) spores ml(-1) and held at a dew period of 12 h (cassava) or 18 h (tomato and eggplant), the plants showed symptoms of the disease, but they recovered and continued their normal vegetative growth. These results show that the fungus A. cassiae is safe to use for the control of S. obtusifolia under Brazilian conditions, because it did not cause excessive damage in the three plants tested

Temperature and scarification on seeds germination of copernicia prunifera (Mill) H.E. Moore (Arecaceae)

Copernicia prunifera, known as carnauba, is native to Brazil and presents great potential to be used in gardens and cultivation in pot. Palms species, with relatively few exceptions, can only be propagated by seeds; even so, there are no reports in the literature about the germination of this palm seeds. Several species of the Arecaceae family present seed physical dormancy in varying degrees, demanding treatments to improve germination. The objective of this work was to study the effects of temperature and mechanical scarification on seed germination of C. prunifera. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial arrangement 6 x 2 (six conditions of temperature with or without mechanical scarification) with 4 replications and 25 seeds each. In accordance with the treatment, lateral scarifications were made on the seeds until appearance of the endosperm. Seeds were sown in moist fine vermiculite. Germination (%) and germination rate (GR) were evaluated. Germination data were arcsine (x/100)1/2 transformed before analysis of variance and germination rate data were not transformed. The means of the resulting values were then compared by the Scott-Knott test at 1% confidence level. It was concluded that the biggest germination percentage were obtained at alternated temperature of 25-35°C (92%) and at constant temperature of 25°C (87%). Seeds germinated faster at alternated temperature of 25- 35°C. Germination percentage was similar for the scarified and non-scarified seeds; however, scarified seeds germinated faster

Effects of the Temperature and Maturation Stages on the Germination of Roystonea regia Seeds

Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook is largely used as ornamental. The propagation is done almost exclusively by seeds; however, there is a great variation in the germination process influenced by many factors. The objective of this work was to study the effects of the temperature and maturation stages on the germination of R. regia seeds. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial arrangement 6x3 (six temperatures: constant at 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C and alternated at 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C, with a photoperiod of 12 hours; and three fruit maturation stages: brown, yellow and black), with four replications of 25 disseminules (seed with stucked endocarp) each. The disseminules had their mesocarp and exocarp were removed and shade dried. Their moisture content was determined, and then they were placed in plastic boxes (gerbox type) containing vermiculite. The disseminules, with the germinative intumescence, were daily noted until germination was steady. The germination rate and the germination speed index were calculated, and the data were submitted to the variance analysis. The means were compared by the Tukey test. It was concluded that the highest germination rate (99.7%) and germination speed were obtained by seeds from mature (black) fruits at the temperature of 35 degrees C

Germination of Phoenix roebelenii Seeds

The Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien is one of the most used plants in the Brazilian landscape. The work aimed to study the effect of different fruit harvesting locations, associated with seven temperature conditions, on the germination of P. roebelenii seeds. The fruits were collected from two different locations: Ilha Solteira, western Sao Paulo State and Jaboticabal in the middle East of the same State. The disseminules (seeds with stucked endocarp) were placed in plastic boxes (gerbox), and the experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial scheme of 7x2 (seven temperatures conditions: room temperature, constant at 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C and alternated at 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C; and two fruit harvesting locations: Ilha Solteira and Jaboticabal, with four replications with 25 seeds each. The disseminules that emitted the germinative intumescence were daily noted until the germinative process got steady, in about 90 days. The germination rate (G%), the germination speed index (GSI), and the means were extracted and compared by the Tukey test. The highest values of germination rate were obtained at 30, 25-35 degrees C and room temperatures. The seeds showed a higher GSI at room temperature. The fruit harvesting locations influenced the germination