Bibliotecología como forma de activismo político y social

Interview with the Director of the Free Library of Social Librarianship (CaLiBiSo), of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Buenos Aires, Mgter. Julio Díaz Jatuf, from Argentina

High-protein diet for body weight loss

A proporção ideal dos macronutrientes em dietas de emagrecimento é atualmente bastante discutida. Existem evidências de que dietas com maior proporção de proteína aumentam a perda de peso e de gordura corporal e diminuem a perda de massa corporal magra durante o emagrecimento. Todavia, os mecanismos responsáveis por estes efeitos não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Além disso, existem poucas conclusões a respeito dos possíveis efeitos colaterais dessas dietas na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio. Assim, este artigo objetiva trazer informações atuais sobre os efeitos de dietas ricas em proteína na perda de peso e na composição corporal e dos mecanismos envolvidos, bem como seus efeitos na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio.The ideal proportion of macronutrients in weight loss diets is currently under debate. There are evidences indicating that a higher proportion of protein during weight loss diets enhances the loss of body weight and fat mass, and reduces the loss of lean body mass. Nevertheless, the responsible mechanisms for these effects have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, studies that evaluated the possible side effects of these diets on the renal function and on the nutritional state of calcium have shown inconclusive results. Therefore, this article has the objective to convey recent information about the effects of high-protein diets in the regulation of the body weight and body composition, besides its involved mechanisms, and its effects on the renal function and on the calcium nutritional status

Bibliotecología como forma de activismo político y social

Interview with the Director of the Free Library of Social Librarianship (CaLiBiSo), of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Buenos Aires, Mgter. Julio Díaz Jatuf, from Argentina

Más cuentos tradicionales de la provincia de Ciudad Real

Informaciones sobre la biografía y sobre la actividad de registro y estudio de los cuentos tradicionales españoles de Julio Camarena Laucirica. Edición de varios cuentos inéditos, recogidos por él en la provincia de Ciudad Real: los números 774C, 898, 922, 1688 y 1960G + 1882 del catálogo Aarne-Thompson-Uther. Edición fotográfica de los números 1316 y 1358D.Reports on the biography and on the work of recording and study of Spanish folk tales made by Julio Camarena Laucirica. Edition of some never edited folktales, recorded by Camarena in the province of Ciudad Real: numbers 774C, 898, 922, 1688 and 1960G + 1882 of Aarne-Thompson-Uther catalogue. Photograph edition of numbers 1316 and 1358D

Más cuentos tradicionales de la provincia de Ciudad Real

Informaciones sobre la biografía y sobre la actividad de registro y estudio de los cuentos tradicionales españoles de Julio Camarena Laucirica. Edición de varios cuentos inéditos, recogidos por él en la provincia de Ciudad Real: los números 774C, 898, 922, 1688 y 1960G + 1882 del catálogo Aarne-Thompson-Uther. Edición fotográfica de los números 1316 y 1358D.Reports on the biography and on the work of recording and study of Spanish folk tales made by Julio Camarena Laucirica. Edition of some never edited folktales, recorded by Camarena in the province of Ciudad Real: numbers 774C, 898, 922, 1688 and 1960G + 1882 of Aarne-Thompson-Uther catalogue. Photograph edition of numbers 1316 and 1358D

Recent aspects of body weight regulation: leptin's action on the energetic misbalance

Nowadays obesity can be considered a global epidemic illness, though it shows a long-term treatment failure index higher than 90%. Research work on leptin, which is a peptide mainly produced by fat cells, lead to a breakthrough for medical obesity treatment. It has been found out that leptin - through control of its concentration, could be a marker of the energetic status and depot of fat amounts in cells as well. This occurs by acting in a feedback circuit which function is to maintain body weight stable - this independently of food intake variations. Hence, if this circuit presents failures, as i.e. low response to high leptin concentration, patients may become obese. This phenomenon is very common and lead to the "leptin resistance thesis". The aim of this review is to explain leptin's physiological function as an hormone that "prevents" weight loss because physiological repercussion of leptin concentration reduction seems to be more intense than when it increases - at least in human beings. Therefore what has been called - by definition - leptin resistance - seems to be just the result of a concentration which causes a limited physiological action.A obesidade já é considerada epidemia global, com taxas de insucesso em seu tratamento a longo prazo de mais de 90%. A descoberta da leptina, um peptídeo sintetizado principalmente pelos adipócitos, abriu novas fronteiras no estudo do tratamento da obesidade. Constatou-se que a leptina, por meio do controle de sua concentração na circulação, poderia ser um sinalizador do estado energético e do tamanho das reservas de gordura, ao atuar em um circuito de retroalimentação, cuja função é de manter o peso corporal estável, independentemente de variações diárias no consumo de energia. Porém, esse circuito apresenta falhas na maioria dos indivíduos que se tornam obesos (baixa responsividade pela alta concentração de leptina que esses indivíduos apresentam), o que levou à hipótese da "resistência à leptina". Entretanto, essa revisão sugere que a função fisiológica da leptina é a de um hormônio que "impede" a perda de peso, pois, as repercussões fisiológicas da redução da concentração de leptina são muito mais intensas comparadas ao seu aumento, pelo menos em seres humanos. Dessa forma, o que se convencionou chamar de resistência à leptina expressa apenas o fato, inerente aos seres humanos, de que a elevada concentração de leptina produz somente pequena ação fisiológica

Note: Vectorial-magneto optical Kerr effect technique combined with variable temperature and full angular range all in a single setup

Here, we report on a versatile full angular resolved/broad temperature range/vectorial magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) magnetometer, named TRISTAN. Its versatility relies on its capacity to probe temperature and angular dependencies of magnetization reversal processes without the need to do any intervention on the apparatus during measurements. The setup is a combination of a vectorial MOKE bench and a cryostat with optical access. The cryostat has a motorized rotatable sample holder with azimuthal correction. It allows for simultaneous and quantitative acquisition of the two in-plane magnetization components during the hysteresis loop at different temperatures from 4 K up to 500 K and in the whole angular range, without neither changing magnet orientation nor opening the cryostat. Measurements performed in a model system with competing collinear biaxial and uniaxial contributions are presented to illustrate its capabilitiesP.P. acknowledges financial support from MINECO through Contract No. JCI-2011- 09602. F.J.T. acknowledges financial support from Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2011-09617). This work has been supported by MINECO through Project Nos. MAT2011-25598 and MAT2012-39308, by the Comunidad de Madrid through Project No. S2013/MIT-2850 NANOFRONTMAG-CM and by EU-FP7 through NANOPYME Project (No. 310516

Chitosan-tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles As Arrabidaea Chica Standardized Extract Carrier: Synthesis, Characterization, Biocompatibility, And Antiulcerogenic Activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat various diseases. Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150 +/- 13 nm and a zeta potential of +45 +/- 2 mV. Particle size decreased with AcE addition (60 +/- 10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using human skin fibroblasts. AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems.1038973909Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2009/16484-1, 2010/07781-0, 2009/51020-6, 2011/09127-8

Room Temperature In-plane <100> Magnetic Easy Axis for Fe3O4/SrTiO3(001):Nb Grown by Infrared PLD

We examine the magnetic easy-axis directions of stoichiometric magnetite films grown on SrTiO3:Nb by infrared pulsed-laser deposition. Spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy reveals that the individual magnetic domains are magnetized along the in-plane film directions. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements show that the maxima of the remanence and coercivity are also along in-plane film directions. This easy-axis orientation differs from bulk magnetite and films prepared by other techniques, establishing that the magnetic anisotropy can be tuned by film growth.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Virulence Attenuation of Candida albicans Genetic Variants Isolated from a Patient with a Recurrent Bloodstream Infection

The incidence of Candida albicans infections and the relapse episodes after antifungal treatment have increased in recent decades. Recurrences are mainly due to the persistence of the original infecting strain that may present genetic and genomic rearrangements during interaction with the host, reflecting strain adaptation. In this study, four isolates recovered from a patient during recurrent candidemia episodes were genotyped by microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) and by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and found to be genetic variants of the same strain. Using experimental mouse infections, a progressive reduction in the virulence of the four isolates was observed, with the first two isolates more virulent than the third and fourth. Additionally, in the mouse model, the first isolate resisted host control more efficiently, resulting in higher kidney fungal burdens and necrosis as compared to the third isolate. The resolution of inflammation was delayed in mice challenged with the first isolate and the message for IFN-γ and TNF-α in the spleen was lower within the first few hours post-infection. Original and recurrent isolates also displayed different phenotypes regarding activity of secreted enzymes and response to stress agents. Overall, the comparative analysis indicated that the virulence decrease of these isolates was related to a lower ability to resist to the host anticandida effector mechanisms. We showed for the first time that C. albicans genetic variants of the same strain, sequentially isolated from an immunocompromised patient, underwent adaptations in the human host that resulted in virulence attenuation when tested in mice