Ramsey and the measurement of belief

Foundations of Bayesianism is an authoritative collection of papers addressing the key challenges that face the Bayesian interpretation of probability today. Some of these papers seek to clarify the relationships between Bayesian, causal and logical reasoning. Others consider the application of Bayesianism to artificial intelligence, decision theory, statistics and the philosophy of science and mathematics. The volume includes important criticisms of Bayesian reasoning and also gives an insight into some of the points of disagreement amongst advocates of the Bayesian approach. The upshot is a plethora of new problems and directions for Bayesians to pursue.The book will be of interest to graduate students or researchers who wish to learn more about Bayesianism than can be provided by introductory textbooks to the subject. Those involved with the applications of Bayesian reasoning will find essential discussion on the validity of Bayesianism and its limits, while philosophers and others interested in pure reasoning will find new ideas on normativity and the logic of belief

Cost and Price Calculation for Internet Integrated Services

Charging schemes are needed to protect an integrated services network from arbitrary resource reservations and to create a funding mechanism to extend network capacity at the most desired locations at the expense of those users that actually use these resources. While not being the only input into pricing and charging, cost calculation is an important part of a charging scheme. In this paper, we develop a technique called virtual resource mapping to apply wellknown economic principles to an optimal pricing framework and other tasks related to charging. Additionally, we describe how virtual resource parameters can be used to express prices when being combined with protocol mechanisms for charging. We focus on rate-based service guarantees in the context of Internet Integrated Services (IntServ) combined with IP multicast and RSVP as signalling protocol. It turns out that under given aggregated price-demand patterns, resource costs can precisely be extracted for each service request. The..