Technological Developments and the Role of L2 Motivation in University English Language Teaching Education

The 21st century is the era of technology and digitalization in teaching and learning dynamics., The present study explores the function of L2 motivation in university-based English language teaching (ELT) education. It also seeks to comprehend how technological developments are changing L2 motivation and examines teachers coping mechanisms in this changing educational environment. This study employs a qualitative research approach to explore the university teachers choices of technology instruments and pedagogical choices for enhancing students’ L2 motivation. Thus, the study uses semi-structured interviews to collect data from the 15 university teachers, (8 from Pakistan and 7 from Russia). Moreover, the secondary aim of the study is to comprehend the variables influencing L2 teacher motivation, and pedagogical approaches. This study adds to the body of information on language teaching by emphasizing the necessity for university teachers to adapt to changes in L2 motivation by utilizing technology, developing cutting-edge resources, and creating motivating learning settings

Understanding the Complexity of Motivational Orientations towards Learning English among Pakistani Female University Students

The present study goal is to investigate female university students’ motivation toward learning English as Second Language (ESL) studying at the University of Sindh, Pakistan. Two main objectives of the study were to evaluate the motivational orientation of the female learners in terms of integrativeness or instrumentality. Second, to study the factors that affect the learners motivation towards learning English. A mixed-method approach was employed with descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on the data to evaluate the data. A number of 158 female students from both the Science and Arts faculties at the English and Chemistry departments filled the structured questionnaire. Additionally, to gain a deeper understanding of the researched phenomenon, the semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 students. The findings revealed a complex portrait of the target population, with the most prominent motivational factors being integrative motive, classroom environment, and instrumental motive. Besides, the influence of teachers was found to induce behavioral changes, while gender did not appear to significantly impact the learning process

Safety and immunogenicity of a new tuberculosis vaccine, MVA85A, in mycobacterium tuberculosis–infected individuals

Copyright © 2009 by the American Thoracic Society.Rationale: An effective new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine regimen must be safe in individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and is a priority for global health care. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a leading new TB vaccine, recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara expressing Antigen 85A (MVA85A) in individuals with LTBI. Methods: An open-label, phase I trial of MVA85A was performed in 12 subjects with LTBI recruited from TB contact clinics in Oxford and London or by poster advertisements in Oxford hospitals. Patients were assessed clinically and had blood samples drawn for immunological analysis over a 52-week period after vaccination with MVA85A. Thoracic computed tomography scans were performed at baseline and at 10 weeks after vaccination. Safety of MVA85A was assessed by clinical, radiological, and inflammatory markers. The immunogenicity of MVA85A was assessed by IFNγ and IL-2 ELISpot assays and FACS. Measurements and Main Results: MVA85A was safe in subjects with LTBI, with comparable adverse events to previous trials of MVA85A. There were no clinically significant changes in inflammatory markers or thoracic computed tomography scans after vaccination. MVA85A induced a strong antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 response that was durable for 52 weeks. The magnitude of IFN-γ response was comparable to previous trials of MVA85A in bacillus Calmette-Guérin–vaccinated individuals. Antigen 85A–specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells were detectable prior to vaccination with statistically significant increases in cell numbers after vaccination. Conclusions: MVA85A is safe and highly immunogenic in individuals with LTBI. These results will facilitate further trials in TB-endemic areas.Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust, and AFTBVAC

Impact of biological therapy on work outcomes in patients with axial spondyloarthritis : results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR-AS) and meta-analysis

Funding The BSRBR-AS is funded by the British Society for Rheumatology who have received funding for this from Pfizer, AbbVie and UCB. These companies receive advance copies of manuscripts for comments. This work was conducted within the Arthritis Research UK/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Work and Health (Grant No: 20665) Acknowledgements We are grateful to the staff of the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register in Axial Spondyloarthritis register who are currently Claudia Zabke, Maureen Heddle, Nafeesa Nazlee and Barry Morris, and to the recruiting staff at the clinical centres, details of which are available at: https://www.abdn.ac.uk/iahs/research/epidemiology/spondyloarthritis.php#panel1011. We would like to thank Dr Atul Deodhar, Benjamin Hsu and Chenglong Han for providing additional data relating to one of the studies, to allow it be included in the meta-analysis.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Detecting Zero-day Polymorphic Worms with Jaccard Similarity Algorithm

Zero-day polymorphic worms pose a serious threat to the security of Mobile systems and Internet infrastructure. In many cases, it is difficult to detect worm attacks at an early stage. There is typically little or no time to develop a well-constructed solution during such a worm outbreak. This is because the worms act only to spread from node to node and they bring security concerns to everyone using Internet via any static or mobile node. No system is safe from an aggressive worm crisis. However, many of the characteristics of a worm can be used to defeat it, including its predictable behavior and shared signatures. In this paper, we propose an efficient signature generation method based on string similarity algorithms to generate signatures for Zero-day polymorphic worms. Then, these signatures are practically applied to an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to prevent the network from such attacks. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach compared to other existing mechanisms

Prevalence of Behavioral and Emotional Disorders among the Orphans and Factors Associated with these Disorders

Background: Orphans are the special group of children who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorders even reared in well run institution. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of the behavioral and emotional disorder among the children living in orphanage in Dhaka city, and to assess the possible factors associated with the presence of disorders among this study population. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in selected orphanages. A Total 342 cases were included. One stage structured assessment of psychopathology was carried out by using a valid Bangla version of DAWBA (The Development and Well-Being Assessment). Data analysis was done by SPSS for windows 16.0 version. Results: The results indicate that overall prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorders were 40.35%, in which Behavioral disorder was 26.9%, Emotional disorder was 10.2% and both Behavioral and Emotional disorder were 3.2%. Higher length of stay and low level of education of foster mother were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity of the respondents. Conclusions: It can be concluded that behavioral and emotional disorders are highly prevalent among orphan children and adolescents with residential care that needs to be addressed. Moreover, measure for early identification and intervention will improve the quality of life of the orphan population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.10997 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):29-3

Prevalence of Behavioral and Emotional Disorders among the Orphans and Factors Associated with these Disorders

Background: Orphans are the special group of children who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorders even reared in well run institution. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of the behavioral and emotional disorder among the children living in orphanage in Dhaka city, and to assess the possible factors associated with the presence of disorders among this study population. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in selected orphanages. A Total 342 cases were included. One stage structured assessment of psychopathology was carried out by using a valid Bangla version of DAWBA (The Development and Well-Being Assessment). Data analysis was done by SPSS for windows 16.0 version. Results: The results indicate that overall prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorders were 40.35%, in which Behavioral disorder was 26.9%, Emotional disorder was 10.2% and both Behavioral and Emotional disorder were 3.2%. Higher length of stay and low level of education of foster mother were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity of the respondents. Conclusions: It can be concluded that behavioral and emotional disorders are highly prevalent among orphan children and adolescents with residential care that needs to be addressed. Moreover, measure for early identification and intervention will improve the quality of life of the orphan population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.10997 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):29-3