A novel mechanical analogy based battery model for SoC estimation using a multi-cell EKF

The future evolution of technological systems dedicated to improve energy efficiency will strongly depend on effective and reliable Energy Storage Systems, as key components for Smart Grids, microgrids and electric mobility. Besides possible improvements in chemical materials and cells design, the Battery Management System is the most important electronic device that improves the reliability of a battery pack. In fact, a precise State of Charge (SoC) estimation allows the energy flows controller to exploit better the full capacity of each cell. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition for the SoC, explaining the rationales by a mechanical analogy. We introduce a novel cell model, conceived as a series of three electric dipoles, together with a procedure for parameters estimation relying only on voltage measures and a given current profile. The three dipoles represent the quasi-stationary, the dynamics and the istantaneous components of voltage measures. An Extended Kalman Filer (EKF) is adopted as a nonlinear state estimator. Moreover, we propose a multi-cell EKF system based on a round-robin approach to allow the same processing block to keep track of many cells at the same time. Performance tests with a prototype battery pack composed by 18 A123 cells connected in series show encouraging results.Comment: 8 page, 12 figures, 1 tabl

A forward-facing hybrid vehicle simulation tool based on multi-physics lumped circuit approach

In this paper it is described a research project concerning the derivation and the development of a novel foward-facing hybrid vehicle simulation tool based on Multiphysics lumped circuit approach. Sub-components are modelled as multi-port systems. Each port is characterized by means of an intensive and an extensive quantity complementary in power. This approach allow to model the mutual influence of the interconnection among blocks resulting in a more accurate simulation. A variational Lagrangian approach is used to derive analitical models. Equations are interpretated from a circuital point of view. The resulting circuit is then implemented and tested using the SimScape toolbox available in Matlab/Simulink environment. © 2014 IEEE

Correction to: Analytical fault impact-model for the electrical grid

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00510-

Optimised RC-active synthesis of PEM networks

A novel active synthesis of the electrical controller known as 'fourth-order line', which is used in piezo-electro-mechanical (PEM) beams, in order to damp vibrations, is proposed. The main advantage of this synthesis is that it greatly reduces the complexity of the circuit and makes easy the fine tuning of the values of impedances

Stability analysis of optimal PEM networks

Previously, the present authors proposed an RC-active synthesis of the 'fourth-order line', which is an electrical controller for piezo-electro-mechanical systems. The advantage of that synthesis was reduced circuit complexity, although it may become unstable for some non-ideal behaviours. Proposed in this regard, is a new circuit having the same complexity but safer stability margins

A Modular RC-Active Network for Vibration Damping in Piezo-Electro-Mechanical Beams

A modular RC-active circuit is proposed in this paper to emulate the behavior of a fourth order transmission line, which is able to perform multimodal control of vibrations in piezo-electro-mechanical systems. The basic idea of this work is to consider the line as the cascade of basic sections and to design a RC-active circuit whose voltage signals emulate actualvoltages and currents of the section. The principal advantages of this approach, with respect to the straightforward synthesis of each inductor, are the saving of one amplifier for each section, the opportunity to connect the piezo-electric capacitance to high impedance nodes and the possibility to obtain a scheme very suitable for integration purposes. © 2005 IEEE

Symbolic analysis and optimization of piezo-electromechanical systems

In this paper, we introduce a symbolic tool able to characterize the basic elements of a piezo-electromechanical structure. This tool gives us the opportunity to develop a useful procedure for investigating the properties of the whole electromechanical system and, in particular, the non-ideal behavior of the RC-active network connected to the structure. The main goal of this procedure is to determine the stability of the system for a given choice of active components and to introduce a criterion for the optimization of the related parameters. © 2006 IEEE

A Radial Configurations Search Algorithm for joint PFC and DFR Optimization in Smart Grids

The power loss reduction is one of the main targets for any electrical energy distribution company. In this paper the problem of the joint optimization of both topology and network parameters in a real Smart Grid is faced. A portion of the Italian electric distribution network managed by the \textit{ACEA Distribuzione S.p.A.} located in Rome is considered. It includes about 1200 user loads, 70 km of MV lines, 6 feeders, a Thyristor Voltage Regulator and 6 distributed energy sources (5 generator sets and 1 photovoltaic plant). The power factor correction (PFC) is performed tuning the 5 generator sets and setting the state of the breakers in order to perform the distributed feeder reconfiguration (DFR). About the DFR, in this paper we introduce a simplified graph representation of the electrical network and we propose a new algorithm to find all the radial network configurations. The PFC and the DFR optimization is faced by defining and solving a suited multi-objective optimization p