Quantum-inspired attribute selection algorithm: A Fidelity-based Quantum Decision Tree

A classical decision tree is completely based on splitting measures, which utilize the occurrence of random events in correspondence to its class labels in order to optimally segregate datasets. However, the splitting measures are based on greedy strategy, which leads to construction of an imbalanced tree and hence decreases the prediction accuracy of the classical decision tree algorithm. An intriguing approach is to utilize the foundational aspects of quantum computing for enhancing decision tree algorithm. Therefore, in this work, we propose to use fidelity as a quantum splitting criterion to construct an efficient and balanced quantum decision tree. For this, we construct a quantum state using the occurrence of random events in a feature and its corresponding class. The quantum state is further utilized to compute fidelity for determining the splitting attribute among all features. Using numerical analysis, our results clearly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm cooperatively ensures the construction of a balanced tree. We further compared the efficiency of our proposed quantum splitting criterion to different classical splitting criteria on balanced and imbalanced datasets. Our simulation results show that the proposed splitting criterion exceeds all classical splitting criteria for all possible evaluation metrics

The role of entanglement for enhancing the efficiency of quantum kernels towards classification

Quantum kernels are considered as potential resources to illustrate benefits of quantum computing in machine learning. Considering the impact of hyperparameters on the performance of a classical machine learning model, it is imperative to identify promising hyperparameters using quantum kernel methods in order to achieve quantum advantages. In this work, we analyse and classify sentiments of textual data using a new quantum kernel based on linear and full entangled circuits as hyperparameters for controlling the correlation among words. We also find that the use of linear and full entanglement further controls the expressivity of the Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM). In addition, we also compare the efficiency of the proposed circuit with other quantum circuits and classical machine learning algorithms. Our results show that the proposed fully entangled circuit outperforms all other fully or linearly entangled circuits in addition to classical algorithms for most of the features. In fact, as the feature increases the efficiency of our proposed fully entangled model also increases significantly

Musculo Skeletal Disorders in Dentistry

In dental practice knowledge of patients and operator’s position is important for the health and comfort of both patient and operator. The causes of musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry are multi factorial, ranging from non-ergonomic loupes and improper selection of delivery systems, to generic exercise that worsens muscle imbalances. Therefore proper operator positioning techniques help in preventing the progression toward chronic pain or potential injury for the operator

Impact of tranexamic acid on coagulation parameters in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgeries under tourniquet: an observational study

Background: A growing body of evidence has shown Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is effective in decreasing perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in both primary and revision joint arthroplasty. TXA is a synthetic drug which limits blood loss through inhibition of fibrinolysis and clot degradation. It helps reduce requirement of colloids and crystalloids and hence provides better haemodynamic stability. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of tranexamic acid on coagulation parameters and effect on bleeding in knee replacement surgeries performed under tourniquet.Methods: Patients undergone surgeries of Total Knee Replacement (TKR) performed under tourniquet were included in the study. A single dosage of 20 mg/kg per body weight of tranexamic acid was administered after application of a tourniquet. Three times blood sample was collected, and coagulation parameters were recorded and compared. The first sample was collected at the time of TXA injection and application of a tourniquet, second after 4 hours and third after 24 hours post TXA injection. Coagulation parameters noted were analyzed using Statistical analysis by SPSS software. All parameters were compared in relation to baseline i.e. at the time of TXA injection.Results: On comparison of demographic profile, morbidity, sofa score and hemodynamic parameters there was the insignificant difference (P > 0.05). Repeated measures of ANOVA at 95% Confidential Interval P value was 0.000 which is less than the significant level that is 0.05 so that value of Platelet Function (PF), Activated Coagulation Time (ACT) and Clot Rate (CR) at 0 hrs, 04 hrs and 24 hrs was statistically significant. Correlation between blood loss and difference of the value of ACT at 0 hrs and 04 hrs is a small negative correlation but statistically nonsignificant (P value is 0.359).Conclusions: After TXA administration there is a change in coagulation parameters like an Activated Coagulation Time (ACT), Platelet Function (PF), and Clot Rate (CR) measured at three intervals, hence it can be a guide to detect early derangement in the coagulation profile in a patient undergoing knee replace surgery. TXA correlation between blood loss with changes in parameters of coagulation i.e. ACT, PF and CR were noted but not significant

Whole exome screening identifies novel and recurrent WISP3 mutations causing progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia in Jammu and Kashmir-India

We report identification and genetic characterization of a rare skeletal disorder that remained unidentified for decades in a village of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The population residing in this region is highly consanguineous and a lack of understanding of the disorder has hindered clinical management and genetic counseling for the many affected individuals in the region. We collected familial information and identified two large extended multiplex pedigrees displaying apparent autosomal recessive inheritance of an uncharacterized skeletal dysplasia. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in members of one pedigree revealed a rare mutation in WISP3:c.156C > A (NP-003871.1:p.Cys52Ter), that perfectly segregated with the disease in the family. To our surprise, Sanger sequencing the WISP3 gene in the second family identified a distinct, novel splice site mutation c.643+1G > A, that perfectly segregated with the disease. Combining our next generation sequencing data with careful clinical documentation (familial histories, genetic data, clinical and radiological findings), we have diagnosed the families with Progressive Pseudorheumatoid Dysplasia (PPD). Our results underscore the utility of WES in arriving at definitive diagnoses for rare skeletal dysplasias. This genetic characterization will aid in genetic counseling and management, critically required to curb this rare disorder in the families

Effect of precision land leveling and permanent raised bed planting on soil properties, input use efficiency, productivity and profitability under maize (Zea mays) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system

Precision land leveling with permanent raised bed planting with recommended dose of NPK can be used to improve crop yield,water and nutrient use efficiency over the existing traditional land leveling with flat beds planting with recommended dose of NPK practices. The objective of present study was to establish an understanding of maize (Zea mays L.) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation yield and input use efficiency can be improved and how land leveling and crop establishment practices can be modified to be more efficient in water use through precision conservation crop management techniques. A farmers participatory field experiment was conducted during 2009- 2011 in the jurisdiction of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP. Multi crop planter with inclined plate seed metering device machine were given to the farmers and crops were sown on permanent raised beds in maize-wheat cropping system.The data collected from the farmers participatory field experiment showed that there was about 20.4% (295.8 mm/ha for wide beds, i e 107 cm furrow centre gap) water saving and about 16.5% (310.3 mm/ha for narrow beds, i e 37 cm furrow centre gap) with grain yield increase about 13.5% (5.13 and 4.44 tonnes/ha) for wheat crop and 11.8% (4.33 and 3.82 tonnes/ha) for maize crop with precision land leveling raised bed planting compared to traditional land leveling with flat beds planting. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of N (23.4 and 30.4 kg grain/kg N for maize and wheat) and uptake of N, P and K (103.85, 25.6 and 110.7 kg/ha for maize and 112.95, 19.49 and 112.96 kg/ha for wheat) were significantly improved under precision land leveling with raised bed planting technique compared to other practices

Sustainability of maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under legumes intercropping and effect of nitrogen level on light distribution, soil temperature and crop productivity

Agriculture designs for cropping system with legume intercropping for increased resource use efficiency profitability, productivity and reduced adverse environmental impact are urgently required. A three years field experiment consisting of six cropping treatments applied during both seasons was conducted during 2008-09 to 2010-11 to study the effect of nitrogen and legumes intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.) for sustainability of maize-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. Results indicate that the photosynthetic active radiation had highest values at noon reaching nearly 1940 µmol/m2/s for maize and 1620 µmol/m2/s for intercropped legumes. Intercropping can increase light interception, shading and reduce water evaporation as compared to sole maize. Maize intercropped had higher values of stomatal condutance and leaf temperature than sole crop. The grain yield and yield attributing characters of wheat crop increased significantly under intercropping treatments over respective check. Wheat yield significantly increased up to 160 kg N/ha. However, there was no significant increase in yield of maize beyond 120 kg N/ha.Sole maize-wheat rotation showed a decline in soil organic carbon by 3.7%,while blackgram and cowpea intercropping with maize in paired rows (2:2 row ratio) followed by wheat increased contents of percent organic carbon in soil as 0.63 and 0.67 respectively, compared to initial values of 0.54 percent. Plots treated with intercrops/FYM during the rainy season sustained the wheat yield while the check plot showed a decline in wheat yield by 4-9%