Morphometric Characteristics of the Relief as a Premise in the Pedogenetic Process and Indirect Mapping of Soil Types in the Anieș Hydrographic Basin

Developed by a geological structure similar asymmetric horst, Anieș's morph-hydrographic basin presents through its relief forms, a complex geographical unit, in terms of morphometric indicators respectively altitude, slope, depth of fragmentation and slope exposition for the entire landscape. At a taxonomic level, we can distinguish a variety of soil types and subtypes, mainly due to the physical and chemical properties and mineralogical soil deposits. This article aims to interpret some morphometric indicators and correlations supported by a GIS raster and vector database integrated in spatial analysis modules, discover quantitative and qualitative features of various types of surfaces and define morphometric parameters.The morphometric study of: slope, slope exposition and energy relief correlated with altitude by indirect mapping, have identified the following types of zone soils: luvisols, eutric cambosols distric cambosols, podzols, prepodzols , criptopodzols and humosiosols and intra-zone soils: rendzins, lithosols, hystosols and fluvisols. The indirect maping reflect the variety and complexity of soil types in Anieș's basin, each with varying surfaces, lithological substrates and specific properties.The necessity of this article is important in the achievement of studies concerning the land usefulness, in order to implement essential measures such as: correcting the soil's acidity and monitoring the lands affected by soil erosion

The Pedological Cover from Production Unit IV Geoagiu and Its Influence upon the Productivity of the Forest Station

Of geographical point Production Unit IV Geoagiu is situated in the Trascau Montain, on the eastern slope of their. The forest from P .U. Geoagiu have a surface of 2059 ha, belonging to 27 types of forest, represented by 23 types of station, grouped on the 3 fitoclimatical levels. The pedological cover is represented by luvosol (47%) with humus type mull-moder, frequently being met oak (Quercus petrea), and the mixtures thereof, the have medium fertility for oak (Quercus petrea) forest, eutricambosol (22%) with a medium to high fertility for beech (Fagus sylvaticus) forest found this soil, preluvosol (16%) with an acid reaction, humus moderate, litosol rendzinic (9%) and rendzine (6%), with a lover fertility for forest vegetation due to small edaphic volume. Analyzing the productivity of the main forest type we can conclude that: in The Montain Pre Montain Level of beech (FM1+FD4) which represents 24% of the surface, The Hills of oak, beech and oak-beech (FD3) which represents 68% of the surface, the hills of rolling and sleauri of hill (8%)

ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE IRRIGATION REGIME FOR SALAD AND TOMATO CROPS IN PROTECTED AREAS

The actual global population increment determines a permanently growth of demands regarding agro-alimentary products, demands that can be achieved by the enhancement of the production per hectare or by extending the cultivable surfaces, within the of a scientific agriculture, rational, inter-alia the protected area one. A good supervision of soil humidity is particularly important; any un-submission of this demand could have negative effects both on plants and on crop economical efficiency. A sub-unitary hydro-balance indicates a water excess, usually this phenomenon appears on overflowed soils, with ground-water table close to surface or in the situation of irrational irrigation regime. The water occupies the roots’ intercellular spaces, taking over oxygen and leading to the asphyxia phenomenon. Knowing the relation between crops water consumption and their productions in different natural conditions, represents a point of interest both for irrigation arrangement projects and for their exploitation. Preoccupation in this field of numerous researches with a extension tendency in the last few years. Through exactly determination of monthly and total water consumption of the two crops in protected areas, both small producers and big agricultural exploitations will register significant water savings. Cultivators will be able to manage water during the periods and according to plants demands, assuring this way high productions, of superior quality and inexpensive, being able to enter the competition with those obtained by other EU producers

Types of Forestry Stations Identified in Cusma Site – Călimani Mountains

The paper emphasizes aspects concerning the types of forestry stations from Cusma Site, BistriŃa – Năsăud. Within the Cusma Site ”Nature 2000” was stated the regimen of natural protected area on 44,636 ha area, of which 64.56% is occupied by forests (28,946 ha). In order to identify the share of the forestry stations within the Cusma Site, three basic units (BU) totalizing 10,831.20 ha, were selected for our study, namely: Piatra Mare BU, Dealul Negru BU and DumitriŃa BU. The type of the forestry stations predominant in studied area is Mixed mountain, Pm, moderate edaphic districambosoil with Asperula - Dentaria - (3332) that occupies important areas in all three basic units, 50% of Piatra Mare BU area, 55% of Dealul Negru BU area, and 42% of DumitriŃa BU, respectively. The second predominant station type is Mountain – pre-mountain beechwoods Pm, moderate edaphic districambosoil, with Asperula Dentaria (4420), which occupies 36% of DumitriŃa BU area and 19% of Dealul Negru BU area

THE IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF THE RASPBERRY

This paper presents aspects regarding the in vitro propagation of the yellow raspberry cultivar Citria. For culture initiation, two variants of media were used, both having Murashige-Skoog (MS) (1962) as basal medium and, as growth regulators, 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine for variant 1 and 2 mg/l Zeatin for variant 2. In order to establish the optimal medium from the point of view of multiplication rate as well as from an economical point of view, experiments were done with 3 variants of media, variants 1 and 2 had, as basal medium MS salts, Myo inositol-100 mg/l, Vitamin B1- 1 mg/l, Vitamin B6 - 0.5 mg/l, Nicotinic Acid - 0.5 mg/l, FeNaEDTA stock solution- 5ml/l, and variant 3 had, as basal medium, Woody Plant Medium (WPM) salts, Myo-inositol-100 mg/l, Vitamin B1- 2 mg/l, Vitamin B6 - 1 mg/l, Nicotinic Acid - 1 mg/l, Sequestrene 138- 100mg/l. As growth regulators, 0.7 mg/l BAP was used in variant 1, 0.1 mg/l TDZ in variant 2 and 1 mg/l Zeatin in variant 3. All variants had commercial crystal sugar as carbon source and Plant Agar as gelling agent, pH was adjusted to 5.7 for variants 1 and 2 and 5 for variant 3

The Influence of Technological Inputs on Arnica Montana L. Habitat

Intensification of grassland management through continuous growth of the doses of fertilizers (especially nitrogen) led to a decrease in diversity of flora, many of the so-called "good grass" are dominated by one species now. Although white clover has lost important protein source in Belgian meadows (Carlier 1998). Only the amount of fertilizer reduction is not sufficient to increase diversity in grasslands specific, so you need to develop strategies for reintroduction of missing species, which the administration or management of grasslands (Rotar 2010). The paper presents scientific data on the close relationship between ecological factors and biological and herbaceous species present in carpet Arnica montana L

The Cumulative Effect of Manure on a Festuca Rubra Grasslands for 15 Years

Over time, studies of the vegetation of natural grasslands have evolved from simple observations to rigorous research. Feed obtained from natural meadows without major technological imputations is mediocre in quality, and pastures in a rather advanced state of degradation. The main purpose of this paper is the ecological and fodder evaluation of the Festuca rubra type of grasslands in the Apuseni Mountains based on the floristic composition and the productivity of these grasslands. The experience was carried out in Ghetari village, Apuseni Mountains, which was located in 2001, following the method of randomized blocks with 4 experimental variants in 4 rehearsals. Each variant were fertilized with organic inputs using the same quantities each year. In the paper we use the results obtained after 15 years of experience. The application of organic fertilizers caused significant changes in the canopy causing changes in the dominance of the type of grassland. The livestock manure applied on the studied grassland has increases significant yield production at all variants of fertilization.In this paper it was shown on which species the productivity of the grassland increased from the control variant to the fertilized variant with the maximum dose. Regarding the analysis of the phytodiversity, this tells us if the number of species is reduced in all the treatments, 10 t/ha of manure leads to an increase in phytocoenosis equivalence and implicitly to the Shannon index

Research on the Influence of Mineral Fertilization on a Meadow of Festuca Rubra L.

Village Garda de Sus is located in Aries basin and includes grasslands its perimeter with semi-important areas that are particularly important because they have many functions. Maintain these pastures in the cultural landscape is a topical issue nationally and beyond. Although a phytodiversity high yield and quality obtained are not satisfactory. Improving these parameters can be done through interventions in the system, such as fertilization, which can increase productivity and maintaining a high phytodiversity, and improve crop quality. Our research objective is to monitor the effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity and meadows of Festuca rubra phytodiversity after a period of three years

THE ECONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECT OF FORESTS ARSONS FROM CLUJ COUNTY

In county of Cluj the major causes of arsons are represented by the unattended fires (especially by tourist but also by the agricultural or sylvicultural workers) and because are light up meadows and the fire could not be controlled. The major overwhelming forest fires (more than 90 %) happened during spring time (after the snow melt down and before the vegetation started) and during autumn (after the leaves falls and before snowing). To localize and to extinguish fires is very difficult when winds are more or less intense. Another factor is represented by the situation of erbacee vegetation or shrubs and bushes which are directly proportioned with their drying grade. The high humidity of soil might stop or to reduce the propagation of forest arsons