Hydrodynamic Performance of a Surfboard Fin

The performance of a generic surfboard fin is investigated in a cavitation tunnel to gain basic understanding of the viscous flows involved for future systematic experimental and computational studies. Measurements of lift and drag forces, pitching moment and results of flow visualisation are presented. Surface flow visualisation studies reveal relatively complex boundary layer transition and separation phenomena although lift and drag characteristics are virtually invariant with Reynolds number in the range tested. A mixed two- and three-dimensional separation behaviour is observed at high incidence

Development of a Fast Response Pressure Probe for Use in a Cavitation Tunnel

The performance of a prototype fast response probe designed for use in a cavitation tunnel is investigated. The probe consists of a total head tube with an embedded miniature pressure sensor. Miniaturisation allows installation of the pressure transducer close to the head of the head of the instrument and improves frequency response through reducing inertia of fluid in the connecting tube. Measurements made with the fast response probe are compared with those of a Pitot tube connected to a slow response transducer and a hot film probe in a thickened turbulent boundary layer on the tunnel ceiling. Measurements of both streamwise velocity and turbulence made with the probe were found to compare well with those of a Pitot tube and a hot film probe. A useful frequency response up to 2.5kHz in water was demonstrated without any frequency compensation for pressure tube response

QAA subject benchmark statement architecture : version for consultation December 2019

The Statement is intended to guide lecturers and course leaders in the design of academic courses leading to qualifications in architecture, it will also be useful to those developing other related courses. Higher education providers may need to consider other reference points in addition to this Statement in designing, delivering and reviewing courses. These may include requirements set out by the Architects Registration Board (ARB), the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) and the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education (IfATE). Providers may also need to consider industry or employer expectations. Individual higher education providers will decide how they use this information. The broad subject of architecture is both academic and vocational. The bachelor's award for architecture is the first stage of the typical education of an architect. This is typically either a BSc or a BA degree. The second stage of academic qualification is a master's level degree, typically in the form of a two-year MArch, which is defined as an undergraduate master's award. Architecture qualifications typically require a total of 360 (Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme, or CATS) credits at bachelor's level and 240 (CATS) credits within a master's level degree. While this may equate to five years of 120 (CATS) credits each, higher education providers may construct alternatives to enable flexibility in student learning. This Statement seeks to encapsulate the nature of a rich and diverse academic discipline. It is not intended to prescribe a curriculum, but rather describes the broad intellectual territory within which individual higher education providers will locate their courses of study in architecture

Opportunities for improving the efficiency of paediatric HIV treatment programmes

Objectives: To conduct two economic analyses addressing whether to: routinely monitor HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinically or with laboratory tests; continue or stop cotrimoxazole prophylaxis when children become stabilized on ART. Design and methods: The ARROW randomized trial investigated alternative strategies to deliver paediatric ART and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in 1206 Ugandan/Zimbabwean children. Incremental cost-effectiveness and value of implementation analyses were undertaken. Scenario analyses investigated whether laboratory monitoring (CD4 tests for efficacy monitoring; haematology/biochemistry for toxicity) could be tailored and targeted to be delivered cost-effectively. Cotrimoxazole use was examined in malaria-endemic and non-endemic settings. Results: Using all trial data, clinical monitoring delivered similar health outcomes to routine laboratory monitoring, but at a reduced cost, so was cost-effective. Continuing cotrimoxazole improved health outcomes at reduced costs. Restricting routine CD4+ monitoring to after 52 weeks following ART initiation and removing toxicity testing was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $6084 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) across all age groups, but was much lower for older children (12+ years at initiation; incremental cost-effectiveness ratio =$769/QALY). Committing resources to improve cotrimoxazole implementation appears cost-effective. A healthcare system that could pay $600/QALY should be willing to spend up to$12.0 per patient-year to ensure continued provision of cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: Clinically driven monitoring of ART is cost-effective in most circumstances. Routine laboratory monitoring is generally not cost-effective at current prices, except possibly CD4 testing amongst adolescents initiating ART. Committing resources to ensure continued provision of cotrimoxazole in health facilities is more likely to represent an efficient use of resources