Cardiac glycoside poisoning in sheep caused by Urginea physodes (Jacq.) Bak. and the isolated physodine A

Urginea physodes (Jacq.) Bak., a species closely related to or possibly synonymous with U. pusilla, is described and its distribution given. Four bufadienolides were isolated from U. physodes and the approximated LD₅₀ and cumulative effect of some of them determined in guinea pigs. The most toxic one proved to be mildly cumulative. Typical signs of acute cardiac glycoside poisoning, involving the locomotory, gastro-intestinal, respiratory and cardiac systems, were seen in the field cases and/or were experimentally induced by the plant. Similar signs could also be induced by injecting the isolated bufadienolide, physodine A, to a sheep.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

The effect of heavy vehicle composition on design traffic loading calculations (E80S)

Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Southern African Transport Conference 12 - 15 July 2004 "Getting recognition for the importance of transport", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. The composition of heavy vehicle traffic has changed dramatically on most of the major roads in southern Africa over the past 10 to 15 years. Observations in various countries confirmed that a continues shift is taken place in the composition of heavy vehicle traffic, which inter alia, leads to an increase in the growth in E80s per heavy vehicles (E80s/HV), the average calculated E80s/HV and subsequently the total calculated E80s. Available data has shown that there is a continues shift in composition from 2 and 3 axle’s heavy vehicles to the larger 4 to 7 axle’s heavy vehicle types. This can, inter alia, be explained by improved vehicle technology, economic growth as well as changes in legalisation (1996), which allows heavier loads to be carried, and better utilisation of heavy vehicles with an increase in economic activity. Cognizance is to be taken of these changes and the effect thereof needs to be incorporated into design traffic loading calculations. The objectives of this paper is to illustrate the changes that are taking place, to show how to incorporate these changes into design calculations and to present a technique, taking the changes in the heavy vehicle composition into consideration, that should be applied in the calculation of design traffic loading.This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material on the CD ROM was published using Adobe Acrobat technology. The original CD ROM was produced by Document Transformation Technologies Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.doctech.co.z