Novel fabrication methods for submicrometer Josephson junction qubits

Novel processes for the fabrication of mesoscopic Josephson junction qubits have been developed, based on superconducting Al/Al2O3/Al tunnel junctions. These are fabricated by electron beam lithography using single-layer and multi-layer resists, and standard processes that are compatible with conventional CMOS processing. The new single-layer resist process is found to have significant advantages over conventional fabrication methods using suspended tri-layer shadow masks

Diverse staghorn corals (Acropora) in high-latitude Eocene assemblages: implications for the evolution of modern diversity patterns of reef corals

Acropora is the most diverse genus of reef-building corals in the world today. It occurs in all three major oceans; it is restricted to latitudes 31° N–31° S, where most coral reefs occur, and reaches greatest diversity in the central Indo-Pacific. As an exemplar genus, the long-term history of Acropora has implications for the evolution and origins of present day biodiversity patterns of reef corals and for predicting their response to future climate change. Diversification of Acropora was thought to have occurred in the central Indo-Pacific within the previous two million years. We examined Eocene fossils from southern England and northern France and found evidence that precursors of up to nine of 20 currently recognized Acropora species groups existed 49–34 Myr, at palaeolatitudes far higher than current limits, to 51° N. We propose that pre-existing diversity contributed to later rapid speciation in this important functional group of corals

Morfologia externa do adulto de Actinote melanisans (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Acraeini)

A morfologia externa do adulto de A. melanisans Oberthür, 1917 é descrita e ilustrada. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outros já publicados para a morfologia externa de Nymphalidae (Danainae, Brassolinae/Brassolini sensu CASAGRANDE (2004), Morphinae/Morphini sensu LAMAS (2004a), Ithomiinae e Charaxinae). É apresentado um padrão para a caracterização morfológica do gênero, sendo esse o primeiro estudo detalhado de morfologia de uma espécie de Acraeini, agregando informações úteis para subsidiar a análise filogenética das espécies Neotropicais.<br>The external morphology of adult A. melanisans Oberthür, 1917 is described and illustrated. The results obtained were compared with other studies already published on the external morphology of Nymphalidae - Danainae: Brassolinae: Brassolini sensu CASAGRANDE (2004), Morphinae: Morphini sensu LAMAS (2004a), Ithomiinae and Charaxinae. A pattern for the morphological characterization of the genus is presented. It is the first detailed study of the morphology of a species of Acraeini, therefore contributing with information on characters useful for the phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical species