Rates of cholesterol, ubiquinone, dolichol and dolichyl-P biosynthesis in rat brain slices

AbstractSlices from the brain and liver of rats were prepared and upon incubation exhibited a continuous and high capacity for incorporation of radioactive precursors into proteins and lipids. Using [3H]mevalonate as precursor, the rates of biosynthesis of cholesterol, ubiquinone, dolichol and dolichyl-P in brain slices were determined and found to be 5.5,0.25,0.0093 and 0.0091 nmol/h/g, respectively. Dolichol and dolichyl-P accumulate to a limited extent, but almost all of these lipids in the brain originate from de novo synthesis. The calculated half-lives for cholesterol, ubiquinone, dolichol and dolichyl-P were 4076, 90, 1006 and 171 h, respectively. The results indicate that lipids formed via the mevalonate pathway in the brain have an active and independently regulated biosynthesis

The inviscid text entry rate and its application as a grand goal for mobile text entry

We introduce the concept of the inviscid text entry rate: the point when the user's creativity is the bottleneck rather than the text entry method. We then apply the inviscid text entry rate to define a grand goal for mobile text entry. Via a proxy measure we estimate the population mean of the sufficiently inviscid entry rate to be 67 wpm. We then compare existing mobile text entry methods against this estimate and find that the vast majority of text entry methods in the literature are substantially slower. This analysis suggests the mobile text entry field needs to focus on methods that can viably approach the inviscid entry rate

Selection-Based Mid-Air Text Entry on Large Displays

Abstract. Most text entry methods require users to have physical devices within reach. In many contexts of use, such as around large displays where users need to move freely, device-dependent methods are ill suited. We explore how selection-based text entry methods may be adapted for use in mid-air. Initially, we analyze the design space for text entry in mid-air, focusing on singlecharacter input with one hand. We propose three text entry methods: H4 Mid-Air (an adaptation of a game controller-based method by MacKenzie et al. [21]), MultiTap (a mid-air variant of a mobile phone text entry method), and Projected QWERTY (a mid-air variant of the QWERTY keyboard). After six sessions, participants reached an average of 13.2 words per minute (WPM) with the most successful method, Projected QWERTY. Users rated this method highest on satisfaction and it resulted in the least physical movement