ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА НОВОГО БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕПАРАТА В СМЯЧЕНИИ БИОТИЧЕСКОГО СТРЕССА НА ПОСЕВАХ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

The present study was aimed at studying the effectiveness of a biological product to control the common diseases of spring wheat. The biological product Rhizosphere at doses of 20 g/t and 40 g/t was studied as an additive to intensive cultivation technology, which contains fertilizers and plant protection products. According to the tested treatments, the infection diseases rate of Root Rot, Septoria, Powdery Mildew, Rust and grain yields was determined. The dose of 40 g/t was the most effective against fungal diseases with a biological efficiency of 93, 95 and 69% for Septoria, Powdery Mildew and Rust, respectively. The highest grain yield (8.55 t/ha), with an addition of 0.8 t/g to the control, was also observed with 40 g/t of Rhizosphere . The use of environmentally friendly processing methods has led to high yields of wheat, as well as healthy products.Настоящее исследование было направлено на изучение эффективности биопрепарата для борьбы с распространенными болезнями яровой пшеницы. Биопрепарат Ризосфера в дозах 20 г/т и 40 г/т был исследован как добавка к интенсивной технологии возделывания, которая объединяет удобрения и средства защиты растений. Доза 40 г/т оказалась наиболее эффективной против грибковых заболеваний с биологической эффективностью 93, 95 и 69 % для септориоза, мучнистой роcы и ржавчины соответственно. Наивысшая урожайность зерна (8,55 т/га), с прибавкой 0,8 т/г к контролю также наблюдалась при дозе 40 г/т. Применение экологически чистых методов обработки привело к получению высоких урожаев пшеницы, а также полезных продуктов

Влияние трех технологий возделывания на урожайность и качество зерна озимой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. в условиях Московского региона

The current study is aimed at evaluating the reaction of winter wheat varieties according to cultivation technologies at a different level of intensity i.e. basic, intensive and high intensive. The cultivation technologies included fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators at different combinations and concentrations. The experiment was established in order to determine the optimum conditions of winter wheat cultivation. Three winter wheat varieties were studied: Moskovskaya 40 (V1), Nemchinovskaya 17 (V2) and Nemchinovskaya 85 (V3). Yield performances and grain quality (measured through protein and gluten content) were determined according to the tested cultivation technologies. The results showed that the cultivation technology affected grain wheat productivity and quality on all varieties studied, since the highest yields were obtained using high intensive cultivation technology for all varieties studied, Moskovskaya 40 - 9.65 t/h, Nemchinovskaya 17 - 8.58 t/h and Nemchinovskaya 85 - 9.87 t/h. However, according to the basic technology, the yield was lower by 20…64 %. The tested cultivation technologies demonstrated that high intensive cultivation technology increased wheat quality. The highest protein content (18 %) was recorded in Nemchinovskaya 85 variety. The present results give real opportunities for a largescale application of the tested cultivation technologies in different agricultural lands of Russia.В условиях Московского региона на дерново-подзолистой почве изучена реакция сортов озимой пшеницы на три уровня минерального питания и систем защиты растений - базовая, интенсивная и высокоинтенсивная технологии, которые включали удобрения, средства защиты растений и регуляторы роста в различных комбинациях и концентрациях. Эксперимент был поставлен с целью создания оптимальных условий возделывания разных сортов озимой пшеницы. Были изучены три сорта - Московская 40 (V1), Немчиновская 17 (V2) и Немчиновская 85 (V3). Показатели урожайности и качества зерна, измеряемые по содержанию белка и клейковины, определялись в соответствии с испытанными технологиями возделывания. Результаты показали, что урожайность и качество зерна пшеницы изменились, самые высокие урожаи получены при применении высокоинтенсивной технологии у сорта Немчиновская 85 - в среднем за последние три года она составила 9,87 т/га, с потенциалом - 14,8 т/га, у сорта Московская 40 - 9,65 т/га, Немчиновская 17 - 8,58 т/га. По базовой технологии урожайность была ниже на 20…64 %. При высокоинтенсивной технологии у сорта Немчиновская 85 содержание белка достигало 18 %. Представленные результаты дают реальные возможности для масштабного применения апробированных технологий возделывания в различных сельскохозяйственных угодьях России

Towards improving the precision agriculture management of the wheat crop using remote sensing: A case study in Central Non-Black Earth region of Russia

Smart management of the wheat crop requires understanding the various variables affecting crop quality and quantity. The use of remote sensing data contributes to improve the application of precision agriculture (PA).The current paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of remote sensing in monitoring wheat growth and enhance the management practices. Three cultivation technologies for winter wheat were implemented: basic (CT1), intensive (CT2), and highly intensive (CT3) were investigated. Sentinel-2 with a resolution of 10 m was used to monitor the change in wheat growth under different management systems during 2019. The following variables: yield quantity, grain quality (measured protein and gluten), in addition, five vegetation indices: Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), Green Leaf Index (GLI) were retrieved during the growing season. The results showed that, GCI has the highest performance in predicting crop yield where r was 0.98. In addition, the SAVI and NDVI have the same performance; r was 0.96 for both protein and gluten contents. The yield production of CT3 has increased by 3 t/ha, in addition, the grain quality was superior compared to the CT1. The economic efficiency results showed that the CT3 was the most profitable for Moscovskaya 40 variety (WV1) with 2,72 Payback. For Nemchinovskaya 17 variety (WV2), the most profitable cultivation technology was the CT1 and CT2 with 2,44 Payback, and for the new variety Nemchinovskaya 85, the CT2 was the most profitable with the Payback of 3,03. Finally, remote sensing shows the spatial variation in crop growth, which enhances crop management to achieve optimal production in terms of quantity and quality

Impact of three integrated crop protection treatments on the varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Moscow area, Russia

In Russia, winter wheat occupies a key important place in the grain production with a significant proportion in the whole agricultural system. However, wheat pests and diseases, particularly fungal diseases, induce high quantitative and qualitative losses causing critical damages with significant economic losses. The current study aimed at investigating the impact of three integrated crop protection treatments: basic, intensive and highly intensive. The treatments included: fertilizers, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and growth regulators at different combinations and concentrations. Two winter wheat varieties and two winter wheat lines were studied: Moscovckaya 40 (V1), Nemchinovckaya 17 (V2), Line 708/12 (V3) and Line 3512/10 (V4). Yield performances and grain quality (measured through protein content) were determined according to the tested treatments. The infection rates were measured for snow mold, root rot disease, septoria, powdery mildew, fusarium and wheat leaf rust. The results showed that the highly intensive treatment was the most effective against fungal diseases with the most important values in terms of wheat yield and grain quality. The results were varietydependent revealing the intrinsic genetic performances and the different patterns of resistance against diseases. The current results open real opportunities for a large-scale application of the tested treatments in different regions of Russia. © 2019, Gaurav Society of Agricultural Research Information Centre. All rights reserved