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Dow shale site tracer gas pressurization study. Final report. Appendix: energy from in situ processing of Antrim oil shale
A series of tracer gas pressurization experiments were undertaken at the Dow shale site at Peck, Michigan. The study was conducted to evaluate flow communication between boreholes open to both the Antrim and False Antrim layers of the retort volume, determine permeability and porosity distributions within the retort volume, and to assess qualitatively the uniformity of the fracturing or rubblization within the retort volume. Results show that the system is non-uniform. Flow from Well No. 4 to the other wells occurs primarily through various flow channels. These channels open when the wellhead pressure approaches the overburden pressure and appear closed at lower pressures. Consequently, the system is pressure sensitive and the flow is enhanced at elevated system pressures. Flow to outlying wells, such as No. 8 and No. 10, occurred only when Well No. 3 was at an elevated pressure. When the system approached steady state, as indicated by an absence of pressure changes, the production rate was about /sup 1///sub 3/ the injection rate. Multiple tracer gas injection into Well No. 4 at various depths demonstrated conclusively that flow does occur through the Antrim formation in the vicinity of Well No. 4. The permeability and porosity found in the vicinity of Well No. 4 was k approximately 0.045 millidarcy and phi approximately = 0.1 for a radius <1.75 ft and approximately 0.001 for radii greater than 1.75 ft. The major flow from Well No. 4 is toward Well No. 3, which in turn communicates readily with Wells No. 5 and No. 6. This flow occurs as a slug flow
Fluid flow measurements of Test Series A and B for the Small Scale Seal Performance Tests
The degree of waste isolation achieved by a repository seal system is dependent upon the fluid flow characteristics, or permeability, of the seals. In order to obtain meaningful, site-specific data on the performance of various possible seal system components, a series of in situ experiments called the Small Scale Seal Performance Tests (SSSPT) are being conducted at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). This report contains the results of gas flow, tracer penetration, and brine flow tests conducted on concrete seals in vertical (Test Series A) and horizontal (Test Series B) configurations. The test objectives were to evaluate the seal performance and to determine if there existed scaling effects which could influence future SSSPT designs. 3 refs., 77 figs
WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) horizon free field fluid transport characteristics
This report describes the first attempt to measure the free field brine transport characteristics of the host rock. The data, which have been used to estimate the brine permeability, also suggest free field pore pressure values. One borehole was located in a competent predominantly halite bed with the test region positioned approximately nine meters from the rib. A second borehole intersected Marker Bed 139, which is a one meter thick fractured predominantly anhydrite layer. For this second borehole, the test region was positioned approximately 12 meters from the invert/rib intersection. A description of the tests provided in Section 2. Data obtained during these tests are described in Section 3. Analysis of these data and the associated uncertainties inherent in the data interpretation are presented in Section 4. Test results are given in Section 5. Conclusions are provided in Section 6. 13 refs., 65 figs
Interpretation of In-Situ Pressure and Flow Measurements of the Salado Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
This paper describes preliminary interpretation of in-situ pressure and flow measurements of the Salado Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The WIPP facility is located 660 m underground in the Salado, a bedded salt deposit. Shut-in pressure tests were conducted prior to, and subsequent to, the mining of a circular drift in order to evaluate excavation effects on pore pressure, permeability, and host rock heterogeneity. Borehole deformation was measured during these tests and used to correct for changes in the test region volume due to salt creep effects. Preliminary pre-excavation results indicate that the flow properties of this layered host rock are heterogeneous. Resulting pore pressures range from 1 to 14 MPa and permeabilities range from below measurable to about 1 nanodarcy. Normalized borehole diameter change rates were between {minus}4 and 63 microstrains/day. Shut-in pressures and borehole diameters in all test boreholes were affected by the excavation of Room Q coincident with the advances of the boring machine. Preliminary results from post-excavation test results show decreased pore pressures compared to pre-excavation values