Statistical properties of thermodynamically predicted RNA secondary structures in viral genomes

By performing a comprehensive study on 1832 segments of 1212 complete genomes of viruses, we show that in viral genomes the hairpin structures of thermodynamically predicted RNA secondary structures are more abundant than expected under a simple random null hypothesis. The detected hairpin structures of RNA secondary structures are present both in coding and in noncoding regions for the four groups of viruses categorized as dsDNA, dsRNA, ssDNA and ssRNA. For all groups hairpin structures of RNA secondary structures are detected more frequently than expected for a random null hypothesis in noncoding rather than in coding regions. However, potential RNA secondary structures are also present in coding regions of dsDNA group. In fact we detect evolutionary conserved RNA secondary structures in conserved coding and noncoding regions of a large set of complete genomes of dsDNA herpesviruses.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Recommendations for the introduction of metagenomic high-throughput sequencing in clinical virology, part I: wet lab procedure

Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (mHTS) is a hypothesis-free, universal pathogen detection technique for determination of the DNA/RNA sequences in a variety of sample types and infectious syndromes. mHTS is still in its early stages of translating into clinical application. To support the development, implementation and standardization of mHTS procedures for virus diagnostics, the European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV) Network on Next-Generation Sequencing (ENNGS) has been established. The aim of ENNGS is to bring together professionals involved in mHTS for viral diagnostics to share methodologies and experiences, and to develop application recommendations. This manuscript aims to provide practical recommendations for the wet lab procedures necessary for implementation of mHTS for virus diagnostics and to give recommendations for development and validation of laboratory methods, including mHTS quality assurance, control and quality assessment protocols.Molecular basis of virus replication, viral pathogenesis and antiviral strategie

Recommendations for the introduction of metagenomic high-throughput sequencing in clinical virology, part I: Wet lab procedure

Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (mHTS) is a hypothesis-free, universal pathogen detection technique for determination of the DNA/RNA sequences in a variety of sample types and infectious syndromes. mHTS is still in its early stages of translating into clinical application. To support the development, implementation and standardization of mHTS procedures for virus diagnostics, the European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV) Network on Next-Generation Sequencing (ENNGS) has been established. The aim of ENNGS is to bring together professionals involved in mHTS for viral diagnostics to share methodologies and experiences, and to develop application recommendations. This manuscript aims to provide practical recommendations for the wet lab procedures necessary for i

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTIVITY AND CURRENT BISTABILITY IN DOUBLE BARRIER n+ GaAs/(AlGa)As/GaAs/(AlGa)As/n+ GaAs RESONANT TUNNELLING DEVICES USING HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS

Conductivité négative différentielle (CND) et bistabilité en courant dans une structure tunnel résonnante ont été étudiées par l'effet oscillatoire dans le courant magnétotunnel avec J||B. Les mesures montrent que la bistabilité est associée avec l'accumulation et l'éjection de charge négative du puits. CND associé avec la deuxième sous-bande du puits est observée à plus grand voltage (~ 1 V). Les magnéto-oscillations indiquent la présence du tunnel séquentiel à cette région.Negative differential conductivity (NDC) and current bistability in a resonant tunnelling device are investigated by examining the oscillatory structure in the magnetotunnelling current for J ||B. The data support the conclusion that bistability is associated with build-up and ejection of negative space charge from the well. The charge density of 2D electrons in the contact accumulation layer is measured directly. NDC due to tunnelling into the second sub-band of the well is observed at high bias (~ 1 V). The associated magneto-oscillations indicate the presence of sequential tunnelling in this region of the I(V) curves