5,400 research outputs found
The thermodynamics and roughening of solid-solid interfaces
The dynamics of sharp interfaces separating two non-hydrostatically stressed
solids is analyzed using the idea that the rate of mass transport across the
interface is proportional to the thermodynamic potential difference across the
interface. The solids are allowed to exchange mass by transforming one solid
into the other, thermodynamic relations for the transformation of a mass
element are derived and a linear stability analysis of the interface is carried
out. The stability is shown to depend on the order of the phase transition
occurring at the interface. Numerical simulations are performed in the
non-linear regime to investigate the evolution and roughening of the interface.
It is shown that even small contrasts in the referential densities of the
solids may lead to the formation of finger like structures aligned with the
principal direction of the far field stress.Comment: (24 pages, 8 figures; V2: added figures, text revisions
Isolement d'une souche de virus middelburg à partir d'un lot d'Aedes (A.) cumminsi récoltés à Bandia (Sénégal)
An Efficient Implementation of the Finite-volume Method For the Solution of Radiation Transport in Circuit Breakers
In this paper, we propose to revisit the method to solve the radiation transport equation in circuit breakers to reduce the computation time. It is based on an explicit approach using a space marching algorithm. The method can further be accelerated using a Cartesian grid and using the axisymmetric assumption. Comparisons performed in terms of accuracy and efficiency between the P1 model, the implicit finite-volume discrete ordinate method and the space-marching finite-volume discrete ordinate method show that the explicit approach is more that an order of magnitude faster than the implicit approach, for the same accuracy
Analysis of Last Development Results for High Voltage Circuit-breakers Using New G3 Gas
Among many alternative gases proposed to replace SF6 as insulating gas, g3 (green gas for grid), fluoronitril based component officially introduced at CIGRE 2014, can be now used for insulation projects and new environmental friendly circuit breakers. This gas mixture g3, presents a reduction of the global warming potential by 98% compared to SF6 gas and shows quite good dielectric withstand capability. Many new investigations about thermal and chemical behavior have been done and are precised in this paper. Last switching test campaigns will be presented for 145 kV applications. Simulation tools should be updated to be applicable to these projects. Developments and comparisons with last test results will be analyzed
Does the Milky Way have a Maximal Disk?
The Milky Way is often considered to be the best example of a spiral for
which the dark matter not only dominates the outer kinematics, but also plays a
major dynamical role in the inner galaxy: the Galactic disk is therefore said
to be ``sub-maximal.'' This conclusion is important to the understanding of the
evolution of galaxies and the viability of particular dark matter models. The
Galactic evidence rests on a number of structural and kinematic measurements,
many of which have recently been revised. The new constraints indicate not only
that the Galaxy is a more typical member of its class (Sb-Sc spirals) than
previously thought, but also require a re-examination of the question of
whether or not the Milky Way disk is maximal. By applying to the Milky Way the
same definition of ``maximal disk'' that is applied to external galaxies, it is
shown that the new observational constraints are consistent with a Galactic
maximal disk of reasonable . In particular, the local disk column can be
substantially less than the oft-quoted required \Sigma_{\odot} \approx 100
\msolar pc^{-2} - as low as 40 \msolar pc^{-2} in the extreme case - and
still be maximal, in the sense that the dark halo provides negligible rotation
support in the inner Galaxy. This result has possible implications for any
conclusion that rests on assumptions about the potentials of the Galactic disk
or dark halo, and in particular for the interpretation of microlensing results
along both LMC and bulge lines of sight.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 23
Latex-generated pages, one (new) table, three figures (two new). A few
additions to the bibliography, an expanded discussion, and slight
quantitative changes, none of which affect the conclusion
Optimal, reliable estimation of quantum states
Accurately inferring the state of a quantum device from the results of
measurements is a crucial task in building quantum information processing
hardware. The predominant state estimation procedure, maximum likelihood
estimation (MLE), generally reports an estimate with zero eigenvalues. These
cannot be justified. Furthermore, the MLE estimate is incompatible with error
bars, so conclusions drawn from it are suspect. I propose an alternative
procedure, Bayesian mean estimation (BME). BME never yields zero eigenvalues,
its eigenvalues provide a bound on their own uncertainties, and it is the most
accurate procedure possible. I show how to implement BME numerically, and how
to obtain natural error bars that are compatible with the estimate. Finally, I
briefly discuss the differences between Bayesian and frequentist estimation
techniques.Comment: RevTeX; 14 pages, 2 embedded figures. Comments enthusiastically
welcomed
Multivariate stochastic bias corrections with optimal transport
Bias correction methods are used to calibrate climate model outputs with
respect to observational records. The goal is to ensure that statistical
features (such as means and variances) of climate simulations are coherent
with observations. In this article, a multivariate stochastic bias correction
method is developed based on optimal transport. Bias correction methods are
usually defined as transfer functions between random variables. We show that
such transfer functions induce a joint probability distribution between the
biased random variable and its correction. The optimal transport theory
allows us to construct a joint distribution that minimizes an energy spent in
bias correction. This extends the classical univariate quantile mapping
techniques in the multivariate case. We also propose
a definition of non-stationary bias correction as a transfer of the model
to the observational world, and we extend our method in this context. Those
methodologies are first tested on an idealized chaotic system with three
variables. In those controlled experiments, the correlations between
variables appear almost perfectly corrected by our method, as opposed to a
univariate correction. Our methodology is also tested on daily precipitation
and temperatures over 12 locations in southern France. The correction of
the inter-variable and inter-site structures of temperatures and
precipitation appears in agreement with the multi-dimensional evolution of
the model, hence satisfying our suggested definition of non-stationarity.</p
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