27 research outputs found
FfDL : A Flexible Multi-tenant Deep Learning Platform
Deep learning (DL) is becoming increasingly popular in several application
domains and has made several new application features involving computer
vision, speech recognition and synthesis, self-driving automobiles, drug
design, etc. feasible and accurate. As a result, large scale on-premise and
cloud-hosted deep learning platforms have become essential infrastructure in
many organizations. These systems accept, schedule, manage and execute DL
training jobs at scale.
This paper describes the design, implementation and our experiences with
FfDL, a DL platform used at IBM. We describe how our design balances
dependability with scalability, elasticity, flexibility and efficiency. We
examine FfDL qualitatively through a retrospective look at the lessons learned
from building, operating, and supporting FfDL; and quantitatively through a
detailed empirical evaluation of FfDL, including the overheads introduced by
the platform for various deep learning models, the load and performance
observed in a real case study using FfDL within our organization, the frequency
of various faults observed including unanticipated faults, and experiments
demonstrating the benefits of various scheduling policies. FfDL has been
open-sourced.Comment: MIDDLEWARE 201
A Novel Docetaxel-Loaded Poly (ε-Caprolactone)/Pluronic F68 Nanoparticle Overcoming Multidrug Resistance for Breast Cancer Treatment
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells is a significant obstacle to the success of chemotherapy in many cancers. The purpose of this research is to test the possibility of docetaxel-loaded poly (ε-caprolactone)/Pluronic F68 (PCL/Pluronic F68) nanoparticles to overcome MDR in docetaxel-resistance human breast cancer cell line. Docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by modified solvent displacement method using commercial PCL and self-synthesized PCL/Pluronic F68, respectively. PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles were found to be of spherical shape with a rough and porous surface. The nanoparticles had an average size of around 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. The in vitro drug release profile of both nanoparticle formulations showed a biphasic release pattern. There was an increased level of uptake of PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles in docetaxel-resistance human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 TAX30, when compared with PCL nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of PCL nanoparticles was higher than commercial Taxotere®in the MCF-7 TAX30 cell culture, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). However, the PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles achieved significantly higher level of cytotoxicity than both of PCL nanoparticles and Taxotere®(p < 0.05), indicating docetaxel-loaded PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles could overcome multidrug resistance in human breast cancer cells and therefore have considerable potential for treatment of breast cancer