9 research outputs found

    Ground-penetrating radar observations for estimating the vertical displacement of rotational landslides

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    The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for monitoring the displacement of slow-moving landslides. GPR data are used to estimate the vertical movement of rotational slides in combination with other surveying techniques. The study area is located along the Normandy coast (northeast France) where several rotational landslides are continuously affected by a seasonal kinematic regime (low displacement rates of 0.01 to 0.10 m yr<sup>−1</sup>) and periodically by major acceleration events (high displacement rates of 1.0 to 7.0 m per event)

    An empirical methodlogy to estimate a local yield stress in work-hardened surface layers

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    Abstract A methodology is proposed for estimating the local yield stress in work-hardened surface layers. It is based on the concept of in-depth normalized variation of hardness and x-ray diffraction peak width, both of which measure the strain-hardening attained by the materials' surface-treated layers due to, for example, shot-peening. Its principle is directly founded on the classical hardness theory. To study the evolution of those values with plastic deformation, specimens of five steels with different mechanical properties were subjected to interrupted tensile tests. The tests were performed at successive increments of plastic strain, until fracture occurred. The specimens were loaded and unloaded in increments of about 2% true strain. After each plastic strain increment, hardness and diffraction peak width were measured. It was observed that the variations of diffraction peak width and hardness are related to the material's strain-hardening, and their normalized variations can be considered proportional to the normalized variation of the material's yield stress. Thus, where the yield stress of the bulk material, its hardness or a characteristic diffraction peak width value, and their relative variations along the hardened layers, are known, an empirical expression could be used to estimate the local yield stress as a function of the treated depth

    Analyse couplée d&700;images vidéo et de données sismiques pour l&700;étude de la dynamique d&700;écoulement des lahars sur le volcan Merapi, Indonésie

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    La dynamique d&#8217;Ă©coulement des lahars est encore mal connue, en particulier en raison de la difficultĂ© d&#8217;acquisition de donnĂ©es sur le terrain. L'Ă©ruption du volcan Merapi (IndonĂ©sie) en octobre et novembre 2010 fut l&#8217;occasion, pour notre Ă©quipe, de produire de nouvelles donnĂ©es de terrain dans le cadre du programme SEDIMER (Sediment-related Disasters following the 2010 eruption of Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia, 2012-2015). La dynamique des lahars fut Ă©tudiĂ©e Ă  partir du couplage entre des images vidĂ©o et des donnĂ©es sismiques. Nous avons installĂ© une station sismique composĂ©e de deux gĂ©ophones placĂ©s Ă  76 m l'un de l'autre, une camĂ©ra haute dĂ©finition sur le bord de la riviĂšre Gendol Ă  1 090 m d'altitude, soit Ă  4,6 km au sud du sommet du volcan, et deux pluviomĂštres Ă  la mĂȘme altitude Ă  l&#8217;est et Ă  l&#8217;ouest de la riviĂšre. Nous avons Ă©galement utilisĂ© une radio analogique pour recevoir le signal sismique des sismomĂštres du rĂ©seau de surveillance de l&#8217;observatoire du Merapi (BPPTKG) et pour communiquer avec les communautĂ©s locales. Cet article prĂ©sente plus particuliĂšrement le lahar de type « coulĂ©e de dĂ©bris » du 28 fĂ©vrier 2014. Les rĂ©sultats des analyses vidĂ©o et sismiques montrent que le comportement de cet Ă©coulement a Ă©voluĂ© continuellement pendant l'Ă©vĂ©nement. Le front du lahar s&#8217;est dĂ©placĂ© Ă  une vitesse moyenne de 4,1 m/s au niveau du site d&#8217;observation. Sa vitesse et son dĂ©bit maximum ont atteint respectivement 14,5 m/s et 473 m3/s, pour une profondeur d&#8217;Ă©coulement maximum de 7 m. PrĂšs de 600 blocs de plus de 1 m de grand axe ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©s Ă  la surface du lahar pendant 36 minutes, soit un dĂ©bit moyen de 17 blocs par minute. L&#8217;interprĂ©tation des caractĂ©ristiques sismiques de cet Ă©vĂ©nement a pu ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©e par les rĂ©sultats d&#8217;analyse des enregistrements vidĂ©o, spĂ©cialement pour diffĂ©rencier les phases de coulĂ©e de dĂ©bris et celles d&#8217;Ă©coulement hyperconcentrĂ© pendant l&#8217;Ă©coulement du lahar

    Insulin allergy: A diagnostic and therapeutic strategy based on a retrospective cohort and a case–control study.

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    Aims/hypothesis: Insulin allergy is a rare but significant clinical challenge. We aimed to develop a management workflow by (1) validating clinical criteria to guide diagnosis, based on a retrospective cohort, and (2) assessing the diagnostic performance of confirmatory tests, based on a case–control study. Methods: In the retrospective cohort, patients with suspected insulin allergy were classified into three likelihood categories according to the presence of all (likely insulin allergy; 26/52, 50%), some (possible insulin allergy; 9/52, 17%) or none (unlikely insulin allergy; 17/52, 33%) of four clinical criteria: (1) recurrent local or systemic immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reactions; (2) reactions elicited by each injection; (3) reactions centred on the injection sites; and (4) reactions observed by the investigator (i.e. in response to an insulin challenge test). All underwent intradermal reaction (IDR) tests. A subsequent case–control study assessed the diagnostic performance of IDR, skin prick and serum anti-insulin IgE tests in ten clinically diagnosed insulin allergy patients, 24 insulin-treated non-allergic patients and 21 insulin-naive patients. Results: In the retrospective cohort, an IDR test validated the clinical diagnosis in 24/26 (92%), 3/9 (33%) and 0/14 (0%) likely, possible and unlikely insulin allergy patients, respectively. In the case–control study, an IDR test was 80% sensitive and 100% specific and identified the index insulin(s). The skin prick and IgE tests had a marginal diagnostic value. Patients with IDR-confirmed insulin allergy were treated using a stepwise strategy. Conclusions/interpretation: Subject to validation, clinical likelihood criteria can effectively guide diabetologists towards an insulin allergy diagnosis before undertaking allergology tests. An IDR test shows the best diagnostic performance. A progressive management strategy can subsequently be implemented. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is ultimately required in most patients. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01407640. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.

    Valle Giumentina (Abruzzes, Italie) DeuxiÚme mission : étude des comportements techno-économiques au PléistocÚne moyen

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    Valle Giumentina est un gisement des Abruzzes du Paléolithique ancien et moyen en plein air, fouillé brièvement dans les années 1950 par le Professeur A. M. Radmilli de l’Université de Pise, en collaboration avec le géologue J. Demangeot. Sept horizons archéologiques ont été mis au jour en contexte globalement lacustre, à la faveur d’une ravine profonde qui a incisé les dépôts du pléistocène jusqu’à 25 m de profondeur1. Dans le cadre du programme quinquennal de l’École française de Rome (2012-2016), les recherches pluridisciplinaires ont repris sur le terrain en collaboration avec la Soprintendenza per i Beni archeologici dell’Abruzzo (S. Agostini) afin de préciser la chronostratigraphie du gisement, de déterminer la nature technique des industries lithiques présentes et les modalités d’occupation du site. Il s’agit à terme, d’insérer ces données renouvelées dans le contexte régional, national et européen du Paléolithique ancien et moyen, puisque Valle Giumentina est depuis sa découverte, considéré comme un gisement de référence à chacune de ces échelles. Lors de la première mission de septembre et octobre 2012, un carottage a été effectué jusqu’à 45 m de profondeur dans les dépôts quaternaires de Valle Giumentina et le premier niveau noirâtre, apparaissant à plus de 3,5 m de profondeur, a fait l’objet d’une fouille manuelle sur 1 m2. Cette fouille a livré les premières industries en contexte stratigraphique dans le cadre de ce nouveau programme de recherche. La coupe a été avivée dans la ravine jusqu’à 7 m de profondeur. La deuxième mission (22 avril – 10 juin 2013), quant à elle, avait trois objectifs majeurs, tout à fait atteints : fouiller le premier « paléosol » sur une aire significative, compléter les données chronostratigraphiques et déterminer la morphologie du bassin calcaire de Valle Giumentina et la géométrie des dépôts (fig. 1)

    Preliminary data from Valle Giumentina Pleistocene site (Abruzzo, Central Italy): A new approach to a Clactonian and Acheulian sequence

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    Valle Giumentina is a Pleistocene open-air site in Central Italy (Abruzzo). Nine archaeological layers occur in the last 25 m of a 70 m thick sedimentary sequence. In the 1950s, the various archaeological layers were attributed to the Clactonian, Acheulian and Levalloisian traditions. Recent multidisciplinary fieldwork and studies (2012e2016) acquired new archaeological, chronostratigraphical and paleoenvir- onmental data. This contribution presents the preliminary results of the ongoing excavation of layer 42- ALB. This is a paleosol located at 4 m depth, at the top of a lacustrine deposit directly below the coarse deposits associated with the last major erosive event. Faunal remains consisted essentially by Cervus elaphus. The lithic series is characterized by a specific flake production system: only a part of the block is reduced, and platforms and surfaces are not prepared. Several methods are used, including the SSDA (systeme par surfaces de debitage alternees). Backed flakes are frequent. Numerous blanks are transformed by intensive or marginal retouch. Functional objectives are multiple, as shown by different tool structures and use-wear traces. Valle Giumentina 42-ALB is a butchery site used briefly but frequently during warmer substages occurring during an overall cold period. The “Clactonian” industry of Valle Giumentina is often considered as simple or expedient: we demonstrate its real technical complexity and its func- tional significance. Comparisons are made with other European sites
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