Aadivaara (Sunday) Maalai (Evening) Sermon by Pandit Iyothee Thass

Iyothee Thass Pandit established the 'South Indian Sakya Buddhist Association' (1898) in Rayapetta, Chennai and through it he did various things for Buddhist revival and social change. One of them was the evening sermon held every Sunday. From 1907 to 1914 more than twenty sermon summaries appeared in the magazine 'Tamil'. At that time, Pandit Ayodhitasa's sermons helped a lot in enlightening the people. The ideologies that had dominated the society and the common people for a long time were rendered meaningless after the preaching of Pandit Iyothee Thass. His activities were primarily to restore Buddhism at the cultural level and to eradicate politically and oppose the intrigues that surrounded the common people. Who is man? What is religion? Who is Brahmin? The sermons are based on the answers to the questions included. He preached on the truth of the Bhagavad Gita, the origin of the name India, the differences in the history of the Buddha, etc., in a rational and Buddhist context, with literary flair and satire. These are innovative and primary to today's world of knowledge. M. Singaravelar, who operated in the field of knowledge in the twentieth century, P. Lakshmi Narasu, K. Swapaneshwari Ambal and others preached at the Buddhist Society and supported the social change. Pandit has also delivered speeches along with eminent personalities with intellectual backgrounds. The sermons initiated by the Pandit were conducted in many branches of the South Indian Sakya Buddhist Association. The Buddhist association of Kolar Gold Field, Bangalore, Irangoon (Burma), Tirupattur, Nettal (South Africa) carried out the preaching very well. Youth associations which functioned as a part of the Buddhist association also gave importance to preaching. The seed of preaching planted by the Pandit through the Buddhist association grew into a huge bodhi tree during his lifetime. It is the ideological extension of the Aadivaara (Sunday) Malai (Evening) sermon that continues in today's Buddhist and rationalist movements

Tamizh Maathu Ko Swappaneshwari Ambal

Tamil Maadhu Swapneswari Ambal was a pioneer of feminism who had been doing various works for the advancement of women in the early twentieth century. He was the editor of Tamil Maadhu (1905). Thereby striving for the advancement of women. Born in 1846, he was heavily involved in the work of Iyothee Thass Pandit, a pioneer of the Buddhist renaissance. Pandit Rayapettai also attended the Sunday evening sermon at the Buddhist Association and delivered a sermon. He was presented with a section in the Tamil magazine 'Pengal Patthi' which was reserved for women. He wrote a series of short articles on a number of topics. After the demise of the Pandit, he converted to Buddhism and continued to practice Buddhism. Thus, he is identified by the Buddhists as 'Maha Upasaki'. She has run many organizations for the advancement of women, including the 'Women's Education Development Association' and the 'Widow Care Monastery' for widows. He put forward the idea that women who have lost their husbands should come forward to remarry without being paralyzed at home. He was keen to realize that women are enslaved by ignorance and to become rational thinkers. He protested against child marriages taking place at that time. He said that women in family life should not be dependent on others but should be meant to help others. Thus, she has been a voice for the advancement of women on many levels. Swapnaneswari Ambal. Today's Tamil world should know and praise her extensive social work and women's liberation wor

Ultraviolet Line-Continuum Properties of Seyfert 1 Galaxies and Quasars

Active galaxies are most luminous objects in the universe whose spectra are characterized by both permitted and forbidden emission line features. The spectra of Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars contain strong and broad emission lines of wide ranging ionization potentials. The velocity widths of the lines range from a minimum of ˜ 500 km/s for narrow lines to a maximum of 20,000 km/sec for broad lines. The UV spectra of the active galaxies contain strong and broad emission lines such as Lyα, NV, SiIV, OIV], CIV, CIII] and MgII lines. The widths of the broad lines are attributed to the differential doppler shifts of the emission lines due to the bulk motions of individual clumpy gas clouds in the BLR region. We have anlysed UV spectra of Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars from IUE satellite archival database to understand the nature of dependence of the emission line properties with the underlying UV continuum. We have undertaken line luminosity correlation studies for Lyα and CIV lines with their underlying UV continuum luminosity at 1125Å, 1425Å & 1625Å. The IUE archival spectra have been reduced for galactic reddening using the E(B-V) and NHI values published continuum luminosity has been observed at 1125Å, 1425Å & 1625Å. The Lyα line line has exhibited strongest linear correlation wavelengths while CIV line has shown at 1425Å and 2625Å wavelengths. These results are empirically consistent with the predictions of the general multi-component photo-ionization models suggesting that the central strong UV continuum has been reprocessed by the clumpy gas clouds of the broad emission region (BLR). A detailed account of the data reduction, UV flux measurement and the significance of line-luminosity correlations are discussed in this paper

Luminosity-Distances of Iue Observed Active Galaxies

Active galaxies are the most luminous objects observed in the Universe and are believed to be powered by mass accretion processes taking place in the vicinity of the central Super massive black hole (M BH ≥ 108M sun ). However, the details of the power generation mechanisms are not understood well yet. In this paper, we are presenting a comparative study of luminosity-distance estimations for the complete sample of active galaxies observed by IUE satellite by different methods. IUE has made UV spectroscopic observations of nearly 400 active galaxies comprising mostly Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars. We have chosen all the active galaxies observed by IUE satellite for the study of luminosity-distance with redshift. The luminosity-distances (D L ) have been calculated using the Hubbles law under non-relativistic and relativistic limits with H0 = 73 Km/sec/Mpc and Terrell (1979) also. We have found that all D L estimations are consistent with each other for z ≤ 1 and diverge for z ≥ 1. The results of cosmological calulator I and II are found to consistent with each other and higher by several factors over cosmological calculator IV and the predictions of the Hubble's law under relativistic case. We observe a kind bimodal distributions in D L for z ≤ 3.5

Growth and Characterization of Anthranilic acid Crystals

ABSTRACTSingle crystals of Anthranilic acid (AA) have been successfully grown and purity of materials has been increased by repeated recrystallization process. Single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystal was characterized by Single crystal X-Ray diffraction, Powder XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, DTA/TGA, Dielectric studies and SHG respectively. The observed results from various characterization show the suitability of NLO application. The second harmonic generation of the grown crystal was checked using Kurtz and Perry technique. Thermal stability and melting point of the grown crystal were found by thermal analysis. The Physical strength of the grown AA crystal was measured from Vicker’s hardness test.Â

Secondary arm coarsening and microsegregation in superalloy PWA-1480 single crystals: Effect of low gravity

Single crystal specimens of nickel base superalloy PWA-1480 were directionally solidified on ground and during low gravity (20 sec) and high gravity (90 sec) parabolic maneuver of KC-135 aircraft. Thermal profiles were measured during solidification by two in-situ thermocouples positioned along the sample length. The samples were quenched during either high or low gravity cycles so as to freeze the structures of the mushy zone developing under different gravity levels. Microsegregation was measured by examining the solutal profiles on several transverse cross-sections across primary dendrites along their length in the quenched mushy zone. Effect of gravity level on secondary arm coarsening kinetics and microsegregation have been investigated. The results indicate that there is no appreciable difference in the microsegregation and coarsening kinetics behavior in the specimens grown under high or low gravity. This suggests that short duration changes in gravity/levels (0.02 to 1.7 g) do not influence convection in the interdendritic region. Examination of the role of natural convection, in the melt near the primary dendrite tips, on secondary arm spacings requires low gravity periods longer than presently available on KC-135. Secondary arm coarsening kinetics show a reasonable fit with the predictions from a simple analytical model proposed by Kirkwood for a binary alloy

Effect of Buoyancy and Magnetic Field on Unsteady Convective Diusion of Solute in a Boussinesq Stokes Suspension Bounded by Porous Beds

Hydromagnetic free and forced convection in a parallel plate channel bounded by porous bed and transverse magnetic field has been considered. When there is a uniform axial temperature variation along the walls, the primary flow shows incipient flow reversal at the upper plate for an increase in temperature along that plate. Similarly flow reversal at the lower plate occurs with a decrease in temperature along that plate. The magnetic field, arising as a body couple in the governing equations is shown to increase the axis dispersion coefficient. The effect of various physical parameters such as Hartmann number, Grashof number, porous parameter and couple stress parameter on the velocity, temperature and dispersion coefficient, mean concentration, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt numbers are computed and analyzed through graphs

Production status of GaAs/Ge solar cells and panels

GaAs/Ge solar cells with lot average efficiencies in excess of 18 percent were produced by MOCVD growth techniques. A description of the cell, its performance and the production facility are discussed. Production GaAs/Ge cells of this type were recently assembled into circuits and bonded to aluminum honeycomb panels to be used as the solar array for the British UOSAT-F program