1,076 research outputs found
Quantum Randomness Certified by the Uncertainty Principle
We present an efficient method to extract the amount of true randomness that
can be obtained by a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG). By repeating the
measurements of a quantum system and by swapping between two mutually unbiased
bases, a lower bound of the achievable true randomness can be evaluated. The
bound is obtained thanks to the uncertainty principle of complementary
measurements applied to min- and max- entropies. We tested our method with two
different QRNGs, using a train of qubits or ququart, demonstrating the
scalability toward practical applications.Comment: 10 page
Experimental Bell inequality violation without the postselection loophole
We report on an experimental violation of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt
(Bell-CHSH) inequality using energy-time entangled photons. The experiment is
not free of the locality and detection loopholes, but is the first violation of
the Bell-CHSH inequality using energy-time entangled photons which is free of
the postselection loophole described by Aerts et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2872
(1999)].Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, v2 minor correction
Pneumatic press equipped with the Vortex system for white grapes processing: First results
The interaction between mechanical, computer and electronic technologies offers nowadays highly innovative solutions to be applied to the oenological machinery industry. Grapes pressing for the extraction of must from the grapes has a fundamental role for obtaining wines with high quality. The pneumatic presses commonly used work with a discontinuous cycle, taking on average about 3 hours for the extraction of the juice from the grapes. During this period, the presence of oxygen in contact with grapes can modify the qualitative characteristics of the future wine. The aim of the research was to study the \u201cVortex System\u201d applied to a pneumatic press and to evaluate the quality of wines obtained in reduction. The study was carried out in a modern winery in the province of Palermo (Italy) using cv. Catarratto lucido grapes. The machine used in the tests was a pneumatic press with a capacity of 1,900 / 2,500 kg by Puleo Srl company (Italy), equipped with the patent "Vortex System". It consists in the recovery of the inert gas by means of a passage and recirculation apparatus during grapes pressing allowing the must extraction in inert and controlled atmosphere, the non-oxidation of the product and a re-use of the gaseous component. Two operating modes were applied: AP (Air Pressing) mode, the traditional pressing mode in presence of oxygen, and NP (Nitrogen Pressing) mode with the Vortex System, performed under inert gas with nitrogen recovery. The following analytical determinations were performed on wines in triplicates: alcohol [%/vol], density [g/l], sugar [g/l], pH, total acidity [g/l], volatile acidity [g/l], malic acid [g/l], citric acid [g/l], tartaric acid [g/l], potassium [g/l], glycerin [g/l], ashes [g/l], absorbance at 420, 520 and 620 nm, polyphenols [mg/l], catechins [mg/l], free sulfur dioxide [mg/l], total sulfur dioxide [mg/l]. The use of the pneumatic press equipped with the Vortex System allowed to obtain excellent values of volatile acidity, absorbance at 420 nm, catechins in white wines and a rich aromatic component both in primary and secondary aromas
Bi-photon propagation control with optimized wavefront by means of Adaptive Optics
We present an efficient method to control the spatial modes of entangled
photons produced through SPDC process. Bi-photon beam propagation is controlled
by a deformable mirror, that shapes a 404nm CW diode laser pump interacting
with a nonlinear BBO type-I crystal. Thanks to adaptive optical system, the
propagation of 808nm SPDC light produced is optimized over a distance of 2m.
The whole system optimization is carried out by a feedback between deformable
mirror action and entangled photon coincidence counts. We also demonstrated the
improvement of the two-photon coupling into single mode fibers
Hyperentanglement of two photons in three degrees of freedom
A 6-qubit hyperentangled state has been realized by entangling two photons in
three degrees of freedom. These correspond to the polarization, the
longitudinal momentum and the indistinguishable emission produced by a
2-crystal system operating with Type I phase matching in the spontaneous
parametric down conversion regime. The state has been characterized by a
chained interferometric apparatus and its complete entangled nature has been
tested by a novel witness criterium specifically introduced for hyperentangled
states. The experiment represents the first realization of a genuine
hyperentangled state with the maximum entanglement between the two particles
allowed in the given Hilbert space.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Revtex
A general theorem on the divergence of vortex beams
The propagation and divergence properties of beams carrying orbital angular
momentum (OAM) play a crucial role in many applications. Here we present a
general study on the divergence of optical beams with OAM. We show that the
mean absolute value of the OAM imposes a lower bound on the value of the beam
divergence. We discuss our results for two different definitions of the
divergence, the so called rms or encircled-energy. The bound on the rms
divergence can be expressed as a generalized uncertainty principle, with
applications in long-range communication, microscopy and 2D quantum systems.Comment: RevTex, published versio
Hyperentangled mixed phased Dicke states: optical design and detection
We present an experimental method to produce 4-qubit phased Dicke states,
based on a source of 2-photon hyperentangled states. By introducing quantum
noise in the multipartite system in a controlled way, we have tested the
robustness of these states. To this purpose the entanglement of the resulting
multipartite entangled mixed states has been verified by using a new kind of
structural witness.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure, supplementary information include
Complete and Deterministic discrimination of polarization Bell state assisted by momentum entanglement
A complete and deterministic Bell state measurement was realized by a simple
linear optics experimental scheme which adopts 2-photon polarization-momentum
hyperentanglement. The scheme, which is based on the discrimination among the
single photon Bell states of the hyperentangled state, requires the adoption of
standard single photon detectors. The four polarization Bell states have been
measured with average fidelity by using the linear momentum
degree of freedom as the ancilla. The feasibility of the scheme has been
characterized as a function of the purity of momentum entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, v2, comments adde
Evaluation of the vibrations transmitted to the hand-arm system in the use of portable harvesters for olives
The use of portable harvesters in olives harvesting is presently widely diffused in Sicily, south Italy, both to reduce the costs of production and to assure the olive oil quality. Nevertheless, it's well known that the use of such tools may involve risk of exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand-arm system which is a potential cause of muscular/skeletal pains, and specific pathologies such as Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS), Vibration-Induced White Finger (VWF) and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The aim of this study was to assess the level of exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand-arm system of the operators during the use of portable harvesters for olives. Two different commonly used types of tools were evaluated performing both laboratory and field tests. One was a hook type harvester provided with an internal combustion engine; the other an electric portable harvester consisting of a bar ending with a comb, equipped with an electric motor. The daily action value established by the European Directive 2002/44/EC was always considerably exceeded by the two harvesters for both hands both in the laboratory and in the field tests; however, the electric comb showed A(8) values about halved with respect to the hook type, equal to 20.79 and 18.69 m s-2 respectively for right and left hand in the field tests against 42.07 and 30.03 m s-2 obtained with the hook type harvester
Polarization entangled state measurement on a chip
The emerging strategy to overcome the limitations of bulk quantum optics
consists of taking advantage of the robustness and compactness achievable by
the integrated waveguide technology. Here we report the realization of a
directional coupler, fabricated by femtosecond laser waveguide writing, acting
as an integrated beam splitter able to support polarization encoded qubits.
This maskless and single step technique allows to realize circular transverse
waveguide profiles able to support the propagation of Gaussian modes with any
polarization state. Using this device, we demonstrate the quantum interference
with polarization entangled states and singlet state projection.Comment: Revtex, 5+2 pages (with supplementary information), 4+1 figure
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