Tolerância ao calor de caprinos e ovinos sem-lã em Sobral.

Resumo: Caprinos das raças Canindé, Anglo-Nubiana e Bhuj e avinos sem-la Morada Nova e Santa Inês foram comparados quanta às temperaturas retais e taxa respiratoria, antes e imediatamente apos o exercício e durante o período de uma hora de repouso apos o0 exercicio, para avaliaçao da tolerância ao calor ambiental. Resultados mostraram que a temperatura retal inicial nao foi diferente entre as cinco raças; apos exercicio, elevou de 1,25ºC até 1,95ºC nas diferentes raças; nao houve diferença da elevaçao da temperatura corporal entre espécies. Apos exercício, a recuperaçao foi rapida nos caprinos Bhuj e Canindé. A recuperaçao foi mais lenta na Anglo-Nubiana e nos avinos. A variaçao inicial no ritmo respiratorio apresentou-se elevada na Anglo-Nubiana em comparaçao com as outras raças de caprinos e avinos. Depois do exercicio, os avinos apresentaram menoI elevaçao no ritmo respiratorio do que os caprinos. Isto pode explicar o grau de recuperaçao mais rapida da temperatura corporal dos caprinos Bhuj e Canindé, os quais tiveram distintamente os mais elevados ritmos respiratorios após o exercicio. 0 ritmo respiratório da Anglo-Nubiana voltou ao normal dentro de 15 minutas apos o exercicio; somente o da Bhuj continuou elevado após os 15 minutos de descanso. Todas as espécies voltaram ao ritmo respiratório normal, após os trinta minutos de descanso. [Heat tolerance of goats and woolless sheep in Sobral Brazil]

Airborne measurements of submicron aerosols across the coastline at Bhubaneswar during ICARB

Airborne measurements of the number concentration and size distribution of aerosols from 13 to 700 nm diameter have been made at four vertical levels across a coastline at Bhubaneswar (20°25'N, 85°83'E) during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB) programme conducted in March-April 2006. The measurements made during the constant-level flights at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 km altitude levels extend ~100 km over land and ~150km over ocean. Aerosol number concentrations vary from 2200 to 4500 cm-3 at 0.5 km level but are almost constant at ~6000 cm-3 and ~800 cm-3 at 2 and 3 km levels, respectively. At 1km level, aerosol number concentration shows a peak of 18,070 cm-3 around the coastline. Most of the aerosol size distribution curves at 0.5 km and 1 km levels are monomodal with a maxima at 110 nm diameter which shifts to 70 nm diameter at 2 and 3 km levels. However, at the peak at 1 km level, number concentration has a bimodal distribution with an additional maximum appearing in nucleation mode. It is proposed that this maxima in nucleation mode at 1 km level may be due to the formation and transport of new particles from coastal regions

Role of coat colour in body heat regulation among goats and hairy sheep in tropics.

Abstract: This experirnent was conducted during the hottest and the leanest period of the year in the tropical semi-arid northeast of Brazil to evaluate the relative response of black and white va- rieties (with the colour of skin and of haïr being the same) of goats and hairy sheep to grazing under direct solar radiation. There was a marked increase in midside-skin (MS), oar-skin (ES) and rectal temperatures (R T) and respiratory rate (RR) at 2 P .M. The afternoon increase was more in sheep in MS, RT and RR, but ES increased more in goats. Black animais had uniformly higher MS. White sheep had higher ES but in goats colour had no effect. Right ES was higher in sheep and there was some tendency of higher right ES in general. The black goats respired at much higher rates than the white, but in sheep, colour did not influence RR. Colour of animais did not influence RT. There was signi- ticant day-to-day variation, possibly associated with small fluctuations in environmental temperature, in MS, ES and RR but not in RT. The results indicate that goats appear to be better adapted than hairy sheep and white goats better than black goats under local climatic conditions. [Influência da cor da pelagem na regulação do calor em caprinos e ovinos sem-lã no trópico]. Resumo: Este experimento foi conduzido na região tropical do nordeste Brasileiro para avaliar a resposta relativa ao calor dos caprinos e ovinos sem-lã de pelagem (pele + pêlo) branca e preta em pastejo e expostos diretamente à radiação solar. Houve um aumento marcante nas temperaturas da pele da costela (PC), pele da orelha (PO) e retal (TR) e no rítmo respiratório (RR) às 14h. À tarde, a elevação foi maior em ovinos na PC, TR e no RR, mas PO aumentou mais nos caprinos. Animais pretos tinham, uniformemente, maior PC. Os ovinos brancos exibiram maior PO, mas no caprinos a cor não influenciou. ES direita foi superior em ovinos e houve tendência da PO direita ser, em geral, superior. Caprinos de cor preta apresentaram maior elevação no RR do que os de cor branca, mas nos ovinos a cor não influenciou o RR. Cor da pelagem não teve influência na TR. Houve uma variação diária significante na PC, PO e RR, mas não na TR, possivelmente associado com flutuações na temperatura ambiental. Resultados indicam que caprinos parecem ser melhor adaptados do que ovinos sem-lã e caprinos brancos melhor que caprinos pretos sob as condições climáticas locais

Background measurements and detector response studies for ISMRAN experiment

We report the measurement of the non-reactor environmental backgrounds and the detector response with the Indian Scintillator Matrix for Reactor Anti-Neutrinos (ISMRAN), which is $\sim$1 ton detector setup by volume, consisting of 10$\times$9 (10 rows and 9 columns) Plastic Scintillator Bars (PSBs) array at BARC, Mumbai, India. ISMRAN is an above-ground anti-neutrino ($\mathrm{\overline\nu_{e}}$) experiment at very short baseline located at Dhruva research reactor facility. It is enclosed by a shielding made of 10 cm thick lead and 10 cm thick borated polyethylene to minimize the backgrounds and is mounted on a movable base structure, situated at $\sim$ 13 m away from the reactor core. These measurements are useful in the context of the ISMRAN detector setup that will be used to detect the reactor $\mathrm{\overline\nu_{e}}$ and measure its energy spectrum through the inverse beta decay (IBD) process. In this paper, we present the energy resolution model and energy non-linearity model of PSB and the cosmogenic muon-induced background, based on the sum of their energy depositions and number of hit bars. Reconstructed sum energy spectrum and number of hit bars distribution for $\mathrm{{}^{22}Na}$ radioactive source has been compared with Geant4 based Monte Carlo simulations. These experimentally measured results will be useful for discriminating the correlated and uncorrelated background events from the true IBD events in reactor ON and OFF conditions inside the reactor hall.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2208.0349

Supersonic Jet Interactions in a Plenum Chamber

Understanding thè supersonic jet interactions in a plenum chamber is essential for thè design of hot launch systems. Static tests were conducted in a small-scale rocket motor ioaded with a typical nitramine propellaiit to produce a nozzle exit Mach number of 3. This supersonic jet is made to interact with plenum chambers having both open and closed sides. The distance between thè nozzle exit and thè back piate of plenum chamber are varied from 2. 5 to 7. 0 times thè nozzle exit diameter. The pressure rise in thè plenum chamber was measured using pressure transducers mounted at different locatìons. The pressure-time data were analysed to obtain an insight into thè flow field in thè plenum chamber. The maximum pressure exerted on thè back piate of plenum chamber is about 25-35 per cent. of thè maximum stagnation pressure developed in thè rocket motor. Ten static tests were carried out to obtain thè effect of axial distance between thè nozzle exit and thè plenum chamber back piate, and stagnation pressure in thè rocket motoron thè flow field in thè open-sided and closed-sided plenum chambers configurations

North-South Distribution of Solar Flares during Cycle 23

In this paper, we investigate the spatial distribution of solar flares in the northern and southern hemisphere of the Sun that occurred during the period 1996 to 2003. This period of investigation includes the ascending phase, the maximum and part of descending phase of solar cycle 23. It is revealed that the flare activity during this cycle is low compared to previous solar cycle, indicating the violation of Gnevyshev-Ohl rule. The distribution of flares with respect to heliographic latitudes shows a significant asymmetry between northern and southern hemisphere which is maximum during the minimum phase of the solar cycle. The present study indicates that the activity dominates the northern hemisphere in general during the rising phase of the cycle (1997-2000). The dominance of northern hemisphere is shifted towards the southern hemisphere after the solar maximum in 2000 and remained there in the successive years. Although the annual variations in the asymmetry time series during cycle 23 are quite different from cycle 22, they are comparable to cycle 21.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; Accepted for the publication in the proceedings of international solar workshop held at ARIES, Nainital, India on "Transient Phenomena on the Sun and Interplanetary Medium" in a special issue of "Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy (JAA)

Meteorite falls over India during 2003: Petrographic and chemical characterization and cosmogenic records

Two meteorite falls observed over India in 2003 led to the recovery of surviving fragments. The Kasauli meteorite that fell in northern India is a single fall, while Kendrapara meteorite is a multiple fall that covered a large coastal region of Orissa. Data for petrographic characteristics and chemical composition suggest that the two meteorites belong to the H group of chondrites, with Kasuali suffering a lesser degree of thermal metamorphism than Kendrapara during their residence in their parent bodies. Cosmogenic records indicate a large size (≥1 m) for the Kendrapara meteoroid that has spent ~5 million years in interplanetary space following its ejection from its parent body until its fall on the Earth. On the other hand, the Kasauli meteoroid spent an unusually long time (~37 Ma) in interplanetary space before its fall and lost ~80% of its original mass during atmospheric ablation