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Not AvailableThe main impediment in utilizing the de-oiled meal of castor as animal feed is the presence of two toxic proteins, ricin (also known as RCA II and RCA60) and RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin, otherwise known as RCA I and RCA120) found in the endosperm of mature castor seeds. Their presence compromises with the high protein (around 25% with balanced amino acid composition) content in the left-over oilcake, which could otherwise find use as an excellent animal feed. This review is an attempt at providing insights into the biology, biogenesis of ricin and RCA and various approaches for reducing/eliminating ricin and RCA in castor.Not Availabl

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The proceedings of the National Workshop on "Regulatory Mechanisms, Transgenic Technology and Applications in plants" (RMTTAP) jointly organized by Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur and IISER, Tirupathi at ANU, Guntur from August 2-3, 2018, pp-38Not AvailableAcharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur and IISE

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Not AvailablePost-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)-mediated gene silencing exploits the cellular mechanism wherein transcripts having sequence similarity to the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules present in the cell will be subjected to degradation. PTGS is closely related to natural processes such as RNA-mediated virus resistance and cross-protection in plants. Gene silencing and the cellular machinery for affecting this phenomenon might have evolved as a natural protective measure against viral infection in plants. In PTGS, small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules of 21–23 nucleotides length act as homology guides for triggering the systemic degradation of transcripts homologous to the siRNA molecules. PTGS phenomenon, first discovered in transgenic petunia plants harbouring chalcone synthase gene and termed co-suppression, has been subsequently exploited to target specific gene transcripts for degradation leading to manifestation of desirable traits in crop plants. Targeted gene silencing has been achieved either through the introduction of DNA constructs encoding dsRNA or antisense RNA or by deploying cosuppression constructs producing siRNAs against the transcript of interest. Understanding the mechanism of gene silencing has led to the development of several alternative strategies for inducing gene silencing in a precise and controlled way.This has paved the way for using PTGS as one of the chief functional genomics tools in plants and has helped in unraveling the mechanismofmany cellular processes and identifying the focal points in pathways, besides, opening new vistas in genetic engineering of plants for human benefits. PTGS has shown great potential in silencing the deleterious genes efficiently so that value-added plant products could be obtained. Thus, PTGS has ushered in a new era in the genetic manipulation of plants for both applied and basic studies. In this review, we have outlined the basics ofRNAi-mediated gene silencing and summarized thework carried out at our institute using this approach, as case studies. In particular, adopting RNAi-mediated gene silencing (a) as a method to restore fertility in transgenic male sterile lines developed based on orfH522 gene from sunflower PET1-CMSsource, (b) as a tool to suppress the production of toxic proteins, ricin and RCA, in castor, and (c) as an approach to induce bud necrosis virus resistance in sunflower has been discussed. Examples from other plant systems also have been mentioned to exemplify the concept and utility of gene silencing in crop plants.ICAR-IIO

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Not AvailableCastor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an annual chiefy non-edible oilseed crop of commercial and industrial importance cultivated worldwide. There are emerging genetic improvement objectives including the need for developing CMS system, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, ideal plant types for high-density planting and mechanical harvesting, and ricin-free castor bean seeds. Conventional breeding efforts and innovations including hybrid development using two-line system, selecting annual type from perennial nature, incorporating resistance against diseases, increasing harvest index, etc. have contributed immensely for increasing the productivity of the crop. However, in the absence of suitable genetic material with suitable traits, a few of the objectives such as resistance to gray mold disease, resistance to foliage feeders, ricin-free castor bean, etc. have not been achieved with the traditional approach. In this background, the success stories that have been witnessed in other crops as well as with the basic information that has been generated in castor bean suggest that biotechnological approaches employing genomics assisted breeding and genetic engineering strategies have immense potential in the genetic improvement of castor bean. With this understanding, to create an updated information, the available literature on various aspects of biotechnological research such as genetic and genomic resources, genetic engineering tools, and techniques developed in castor bean has been reviewed, and appropriate strategies along with the future scope are presented that could be adopted for genetic enhancement of castor bean both for input and output traits.Not Availabl

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-