657 research outputs found
Thermal and electromagnetic properties of 166-Er and 167-Er
The primary gamma-ray spectra of 166-Er and 167-Er are deduced from the
(3-He,alpha gamma) and (3-He,3-He' gamma) reaction, respectively, enabling a
simultaneous extraction of the level density and the gamma-ray strength
function. Entropy, temperature and heat capacity are deduced from the level
density within the micro-canonical and the canonical ensemble, displaying
signals of a phase-like transition from the pair-correlated ground state to an
uncorrelated state at Tc=0.5 MeV. The gamma-ray strength function displays a
bump around E-gamma=3 MeV, interpreted as the pygmy resonance.Comment: 21 pages including 2 tables and 11 figure
Level densities and -strength functions in Sm
The level densities and -strength functions of the weakly deformed
Sm and Sm nuclei have been extracted. The temperature versus
excitation energy curve, derived within the framework of the micro canonical
ensemble, shows structures, which we associate with the break up of Cooper
pairs. The nuclear heat capacity is deduced within the framework of both the
micro canonical and the canonical ensemble. We observe negative heat capacity
in the micro canonical ensemble whereas the canonical heat capacity exhibits an
S-shape as function of temperature, both signals of a phase transition. The
structures in the -strength functions are discussed in terms of the
pygmy resonance and the scissors mode built on exited states. The samarium
results are compared with data for the well deformed Dy,
Er and Yb isotopes and with data from
(n,)-experiments and giant dipole resonance studies.Comment: 12 figure
Critical temperature for quenching of pair correlations
The level density at low spin in the 161,162-Dy and 171,172-Yb nuclei has
been extracted from primary gamma rays. The nuclear heat capacity is deduced
within the framework of the canonical ensemble. The heat capacity exhibits an
S-formed shape as a function of temperature, which is interpreted as a
fingerprint of the phase transition from a strongly correlated to an
uncorrelated phase. The critical temperature for the quenching of pair
correlations is found at Tc=0.50(4) MeV.Comment: 8 pages including 4 figures, different method to extract Tc,
different figures, text partly rewritte
Beyond food for thought : directing sustainability transitions research to address fundamental change in agri-food systems
Dominant agricultural and food systems lead to continuous resource depletion and unacceptable environmental and social impacts. While current calls for changing agrifood systems are increasingly framed in the context of sustainability transitions, they rarely make an explicit link to transition studies to address these systemic challenges, nor do transition scholars sufficiently address agri-food systems, despite their global pertinence. From this viewpoint, we illustrate several gaps in the agri-food systems debate that sustainability transition studies could engage in. We propose four avenues for research in the next decade of transition research on agri-food systems: 1) Crossscale dynamics between coupled systems; 2) Social justice, equity and inclusion; 3) Sustainability transitions in low- and middle-income countries; 4) Cross-sectoral governance and system integration. We call for a decade of new transition research that moves beyond single-scale and sector perspectives toward more inclusive and integrated analyses of food system dynamics
Finite-Size Bosonization of 2-Channel Kondo Model: a Bridge between Numerical Renormalization Group and Conformal Field Theory
We generalize Emery and Kivelson's (EK) bosonization-refermionization
treatment of the 2-channel Kondo model to finite system size and on the EK-line
analytically construct its exact eigenstates and finite-size spectrum. The
latter crosses over to conformal field theory's (CFT) universal
non-Fermi-liquid spectrum (and yields the most-relevant operators' dimensions),
and further to a Fermi-liquid spectrum in a finite magnetic field. Our approach
elucidates the relation between bosonization, scaling techniques, the numerical
renormalization group (NRG) and CFT. All CFT's Green's functions are recovered
with remarkable ease from the model's scattering states.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Revte
Length-weight relationships of demersal fishes from the Gulf of Salamanca, Colombia: [part 2]
The parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship of the form W=aL super(b) are presented for 37 fish species, belonging to 17 families, caught during a demersal trawl survey over the period December 1995 to March 1998 in the Gulf of Salamanca, Colombi
Transport in Quantum Dots from the Integrability of the Anderson Model
In this work we exploit the integrability of the two-lead Anderson model to
compute transport properties of a quantum dot, in and out of equilibrium. Our
method combines the properties of integrable scattering together with a
Landauer-Buttiker formalism. Although we use integrability, the nature of the
problem is such that our results are not generically exact, but must only be
considered as excellent approximations which nonetheless are valid all the way
through crossover regimes.
The key to our approach is to identify the excitations that correspond to
scattering states and then to compute their associated scattering amplitudes.
We are able to do so both in and out of equilibrium. In equilibrium and at zero
temperature, we reproduce the Friedel sum rule for an arbitrary magnetic field.
At finite temperature, we study the linear response conductance at the
symmetric point of the Anderson model, and reproduce Costi et al.'s numerical
renormalization group computation of this quantity. We then explore the
out-of-equilibrium conductance for a near-symmetric Anderson model, and arrive
at quantitative expressions for the differential conductance, both in and out
of a magnetic field. We find the expected splitting of the differential
conductance peak into two in a finite magnetic field, . We determine the
width, height, and position of these peaks. In particular we find for H >> T_k,
the Kondo temperature, the differential conductance has maxima of e^2/h
occuring for a bias V close to but smaller than H. The nature of our
construction of scattering states suggests that our results for the
differential magneto-conductance are not merely approximate but become exact in
the large field limit.Comment: 88 pages, 16 figures, uses harvmac.te
Level density and thermal properties in rare earth nuclei
A convergent method to extract the nuclear level density and the gamma-ray
strength function from primary gamma-ray spectra has been established.
Thermodynamical quantities have been obtained within the microcanonical and
canonical ensemble theory. Structures in the caloric curve and in the heat
capacity curve are interpreted as fingerprints of breaking of Cooper pairs and
quenching of pairing correlations. The strength function can be described using
models and common parameterizations for the E1, M1 and pygmy resonance
strength. However, a significant decrease of the pygmy resonance strength at
finite temperatures has been observed.Comment: 15 pages including 8 figures. Proceedings article for the conference
Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna, Russia, June 6-10, 200
Level density and gamma strength function in 162-Dy from inelastic 3-He scattering
Complementary measurements have been performed for the level density and
gamma strength function in 162-Dy using inelastic 3-He scattering. Comparing
these results to previous measurements using the 163-Dy(3-He,alpha) reaction,
reveals that the measured quantities above 1.5 MeV do not depend significantly
on the nuclear reaction chosen.Comment: 15 pages, including 7 figure
Evolution of level density step structures from 56,57-Fe to 96,97-Mo
Level densities have been extracted from primary gamma spectra for 56,57-Fe
and 96,97-Mo nuclei using (3-He,alpha gamma) and (3-He,3-He') reactions on
57-Fe and 97-Mo targets. The level density curves reveal step structures above
the pairing gap due to the breaking of nucleon Cooper pairs. The location of
the step structures in energy and their shapes arise from the interplay between
single-particle energies and seniority-conserving and seniority-non-conserving
interactions.Comment: 9 pages, including 5 figure
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