cis-1-Benzyl­pyrrolidine-2,5-dicarbonitrile

In the title compound, C13H13N3, the cyano groups at the 2- and 5-positions are eclipsed with each other. The phenyl ring is disordered over two sets of sites, with refined occupancies of 0.520 (5) and 0.480 (5). The angles between the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring and the two cyano groups are 71.7 (9) and 75.0 (12)°

cis-2,5-Bis(2-fluoro-5-meth­oxy­pheneth­yl)pyrrolidinium formate

In the title compound, C22H28F2NO2 +·CHO2 −, there are three independent pyrrolidinium formate salt mol­ecules. In each cation, the central pyrrolidinium ring is not planar and the 2,5-disubstituted phenyl­ethyl groups are in equatorial positions. In the crystal, the ions are linked into a pair of chains parallel to the c axis by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the NH group of the pyrrolidinium ring and the formate O atoms

Soil test-based nutrient balancing improved crop productivity and rural livelihoods: case study from rainfed semi-arid tropics in Andhra Pradesh, India

Widespread multinutrient deficiencies in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) are among major factors for large gaps between farmers’ current crop yields and potential yields. In this study, we adopted a stratified soil sampling method to assess soil fertility-related constraints in farmers’ fields in eight districts of Andhra Pradesh in the semi-arid tropics of India. Most of the fields across all eight districts were critical in sulfur (61%–98% deficient fields); and up to six districts each in boron (83%–98% deficient fields), zinc (50–85% deficient fields), and soil organic carbon (55–97% deficient fields). Low soil organic carbon specifically indicates nitrogen deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency was critical in three districts (60–84%) while potassium in general was adequate. Soil test-based nutrient balancing through the application of sulfur, boron, and zinc in addition to farmers’ practice of adding only nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased crop productivity by 8%–102%. Benefit–cost ratio (1.60–28.5) proved favourable to scale-up balanced nutrition. Better post-harvest soil health and residual benefits of sulfur, boron, and zinc up to four succeeding seasons indicated sustainability of the practice. Results showed that balanced nutrition is a way forward for sustainably improving farm productivity and livelihoods

Retracted: An improved bi-gram based approach for user profile similarity Measure and fake user detection in online social networks

This article was withdrawn and retracted by the Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences and has been removed from AJOL at the request of the journal Editor in Chief and the organisers of the conference at which the articles were presented (www.iccmit.net). Please address any queries to [email protected]

One pot synthesis of 3-(1<i>H</i>-imidazo[4,5-<i>f</i>]quinolin-2-yl)-chromen-2-one under microwave irradiation

417-419Rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of imidazoquinolinyl- chromen-2-ones under microwave (MW) irradiation is described. A comparative study of conventional and MW methods is briefly discussed

Characterization of Tin Oxide Supported Vanadia & Molybdena Catalysts by Low Temperature Oxygen Chemisorption Technique

157-158Two series of SnO2 supported V2O5 and MoO3 catalysts prepared have been characterized by means of low temperature oxygen chemisorption and X-ray diffraction techniques. Oxygen uptake as a function of loading of V2O5 on V2O5 - SnO2 catalysts increases linearly upto 3.2 wt. % &nbsp;V2O5 and then decreases, whereas on MoO3 - SnO2 catalysts also oxygen uptake increases and reaches a maximum at 3 wt. % MoO3 and thereafter remains constant. These results have been interpreted in terms of patchy monolayer models of V and Mo-oxide phases

Management and Processing of Palm Oil (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq): The Crop for Future

India is one of the largest producers and consumers of edible oils and fats in the world. It contributes to about 7–8% of the world’s oilseeds and 6–7% of the global vegetable oils and is the fifth largest edible oil economy in the world. Even though India occupies a prominent position in the global oilseed production, its average yield for major oilseeds is 40–60% below the world average and has been growing at a slow pace. India is having rich agroecological diversity and is ideally suited for growing all major oil seed crops. It is reported that India excessively import edible oil such as palm oil from Malaysia and Indonesia and soybean oil from Argentina because the average yield of many of these oil seed crops is very low, compared to other crops like palm oil. This stressful situation is further aggravated by some traders who indulge in malpractices of adulteration of these oils with cheaper oils and synthetic colors for economic benefit. This chapter discusses the state-of-the-art of crop management and processing of palm oil, which is considered as the future crop

Bismuth Oxide Perchlorate as a Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Catalyst for Thioacetalization of Carbonyl Compounds under Solvent-Free Conditions.

2387-2389Bismuth oxide perchlorate efficiently and chemoselectively catalyzes the thioacetalization of both aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions. Stearically hindered ketones are also thioacetalized in excellent yields with stoichiometric amounts of 1,3-propanedithiol at room temperature