The philosophical analysis of technology and its relation to cyberspace

Background and Objective:Technology is a widespread and vital event in the present time. The digital form and the telecommunications sector, which have been accompanied by the transformation of social structures, have transformed the daily life more than the biological arenas and the ecology. The essence of technology is not neutral to be passive in the face of human affairs such as culture, but between technology and the production of thought has always been a two-way relationship. Technology has its own knowledge and is related to the philosophical infrastructure of time and it changes with them. This type of knowledge is based on performance and does not have a metaphysical nature. One of the technological events is the realization of a cybernetic space that is closest to the nature of technology. This proportion is due to the technological nature of cyberspace, the new human habitat in the form of transhumanism and the desire to circulate information rhizome, multidimensional and decentralized. The purpose of this research is the philosophical analysis of technology and to find its relation with cyberspace that is done analytically. Methods: The type of research is applied and the research method is analytical-documentary. Findings: Research findings show that what brings an object to the technological level is its structure and rationality, which both meet biological needs and generate new needs for humans; and progresses in a dialectical process to find its relation to the production of thought. Also, the study of the relationship between thought and technology shows that the Gestalt attitude towards technology is related to the relationship between man and technology. This ratio is explained by the specific knowledge of technology based on its conceptual basis in postmodern knowledge. The knowledge that is flexible, relative, and fragile and does not fit into the rational methods of modernism is present in cyberspace, which is the most pervasive form of technological events and, above all, reflects the nature of technology, in the form of pretense, two-tier, and network development. In the section related to human relationship with technology, it was discussed that human beings as creators and users of technology, when faced with a non-technological position, face challenges in the field of ethics, meaning-seeking, transcendence, type and extent. They face responsibility and understand the true relationship with their body and use all their material and spiritual resources to respond to them. Finally, in an ideological context that depicts man's confrontation with technology, cyberspace emerges as an expressive and broad form of technology; an atmosphere that clearly reflects the nature of technology and is a platform for the intersection of technology and society. Research findings show that the abundant entanglement of humans with technology indicates the dominance of the technical object. This dominance is so great that it serves the idea of ​​absolute interconnectedness of the world to more accurately describe the functional life of postmodern man, who has cybernetic imaginary structures and suffers from narcissistic hallucinations as a result of technicality, cyber-extremes and detachment from physical incarnation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the dominance of the technological object and its effects in cyberspace has led to a decrease in responsibility, conflict with the category of meaning, transcendence and moral encounters.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

The Significance of the Mind/Body Problem in the Correspondences between Descartes and Elizabeth

Although the correspondences between Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618–80) and René Descartes cover a vast range of philosophical topics, their discussions were mainly focused on what has become one of the most central issues in contemporary philosophy—the mind-body problem. Elizabeth had identified a fundamental anomaly in the interaction between mind and body, and she asked her question as follows: “How can the human soul, which is only a thinking substance, determine the movements of the animal spirits in order to perform a voluntary action? …. You exclude extension completely from your concept of the soul and, it seems to me, it is incompatible with being an immaterial thing.” In this article, we first provide an overview of the philosophical issues engaged in these correspondences, along with some essential background for understanding such issues. Finally, some attempts will be done to deal with Elizabeth's own philosophical position and her influence on Descartes' system of thought

The Significance of the Mind/Body Problem in the Correspondences between Descartes and Elizabeth

Although the correspondences between Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618â80) and René Descartes cover a vast range of philosophical topics, their discussions were mainly focused on what has become one of the most central issues in contemporary philosophyâthe mind-body problem. Elizabeth had identified a fundamental anomaly in the interaction between mind and body, and she asked her question as follows: âHow can the human soul, which is only a thinking substance, determine the movements of the animal spirits in order to perform a voluntary action? â¦. You exclude extension completely from your concept of the soul and, it seems to me, it is incompatible with being an immaterial thing.â In this article, we first provide an overview of the philosophical issues engaged in these correspondences, along with some essential background for understanding such issues. Finally, some attempts will be done to deal with Elizabeth's own philosophical position and her influence on Descartes' system of thought