DAMPAK WISATAWAN ASING TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT (STUDI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KEC. LHOKNGA KAB. ACEH BESAR)

ABSTRAKBerkembangnya pariwisata di tengah masyarakat membawa pengaruh terhadap kehidupan sosial budaya. Pariwisata selalu mempertemukan dua atau lebih kebudayaan yang akan menghasilkan berbagai proses perubahan seperti akulturasi, dominasi, asimilasi, adopsi, adaptasi dan sebagainya. Wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung ke Lhoknga telah membawa pengaruh terhadap masyarakat lokal di daerah sekitar objek wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pariwisata terhadap perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat dan mengetahui bentuk perubahan sosial budaya yang terjadi pada masyarakat Lhoknga akibat perkembangan pariwisata di Mukim Lhoknga. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model studi deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya perubahan sosial budaya pada masyarakat lokal di Mukim Lhoknga, Kecamatan Lhoknga Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Namun perubahan yang dimaksud masih dikategorikan perubahan secara mikro, karena tidak membawa pengaruh yang mendalam pada kehidupan masyarakat lokal. Dampak pariwisata terhadap perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat dapat dipilah menjadi dua yaitu dampak positif dan dampak negatif. Dampak positifnya yaitu dengan adanya pariwisata telah membuka lapangan kerja baru bagi masyarakat lokal yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi, mampu menguasai bahasa asing, seperti bahasa Inggris, Jepang. Terbukanya akses bagi masyarakat lokal ke jaringan yang lebih luas, memperlihatkan keindahan alam dan budaya yang tak lepas dari rasa untuk meningkatkan persaudaraan dalam lingkungan nasional dan internasional Sedangkan dampak negatif yaitu, lunturnya budaya lokal (tradisional) akibat masuknya budaya luar (modern). Adapun bentuk-bentuk perubahan dapat dilihat dari dua segi yaitu perubahan segi sosial dan perubahan dari segi budaya. Bentuk perubahan dari segi sosial yaitu terjadinya perubahan struktur sosial masyarakat lokal dengan beralihnya sektor pekerjaan dari petani atau nelayan ke sektor industri, Meningkatnya keinginan untuk berpendidikan tinggi, sedangkan perubahan dari segi budaya yaitu terjadinya perkawinan dari dua unsur budaya yang berbeda, perubahan pada penggunaan bahasa, perubahan cara berpakaian dan perubahan perilaku dalam keluarga.Kata Kunci : Pariwisata, Wisatawan Asing, Perubahan Sosial, Perubahan Budaya.Banda Ace

X-ray line formation in the spectrum of SS 433

The mechanisms for the formation of X-ray lines in the spectrum of SS 433 are investigated by taking into account the radiative transfer inside the jets. The results of Monte Carlo numerical simulations are presented. The effect of a decrease in line intensity due to scattering inside the jet turns out to be pronounced, but it does not exceed 60% in magnitude on the entire grid of parameters. The line broadening due to scattering, nutational motion, and the contribution of satellites can lead to overestimates of the jet opening angle $\Theta$ from the line widths in Chandra X-ray observations. The fine structure of the lines turns out to be very sensitive to the scattering effects. This makes its investigation by planned X-ray observatories equipped with high-resolution spectrometers (primarily Astro-H) a powerful tool for diagnosing the parameters of the jets in SS 433.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Astronomy Letters, v. 38, n. 7, p. 443 (2012

Снижение аварийных рисков с помощью систем интеллектуального видеонаблюдения

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article considers the use of intelligent video surveillance systems as an additional measure to ensure the safety of train traffic on dangerous sections of railways (crossings, tunnels, complex terrain, etc.). It is proposed to use the resources of the fiber-optic transmission network and the frequency range of train radio communication for organization of communication channels, provided that the existing equipment is modernized. Keywords: railway, traffic safety, video surveillance, high definition, video analytics.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).В статье рассматривается применение систем интеллектуального видеонаблюдения как дополнительной меры по обеспечению безопасности движения поездов на опасных участках железных дорог (переезды, тоннели, сложный рельеф и т. д.). Предлагается для организации каналов связи использовать ресурсы волоконно-оптической передающей сети и частотный диапазон поездной радиосвязи при условии модернизации существующей аппаратуры

Endolysosomal degradation of Tau and its role in glucocorticoid-driven hippocampal malfunction

Emerging studies implicate Tau as an essential mediator of neuronal atrophy and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the factors that precipitate Tau dysfunction in AD are poorly understood. Chronic environmental stress and elevated glucocorticoids (GC), the major stress hormones, are associated with increased risk of AD and have been shown to trigger intracellular Tau accumulation and downstream Tau-dependent neuronal dysfunction. However, the mechanisms through which stress and GC disrupt Tau clearance and degradation in neurons remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Tau undergoes degradation via endolysosomal sorting in a pathway requiring the small GTPase Rab35 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Furthermore, we find that GC impair Tau degradation by decreasing Rab35 levels, and that AAV-mediated expression of Rab35 in the hippocampus rescues GC-induced Tau accumulation and related neurostructural deficits. These studies indicate that the Rab35/ESCRT pathway is essential for Tau clearance and part of the mechanism through which GC precipitate brain pathology.work was supported by NIH grants R01NS080967and R21MH 104803 to C.L.W., Portuguese Foundation for Science & Technology (FCT) PhD fellowships to J. Vaz-Silva and T. Meira (PD/BD/105938/2014; PD/BD/113700/2015, respectively), and the following grants to I.S.: FCT Investigator grant IF/01799/2013, the Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Project Estratégico co-funded by FCT (PEst-C/SAU/LA 0026/2013) and the European Regional Development Fund COMPETE (FCOMP-01 -0124-FEDER-037298) as well as the project NORTE- 01-0145-FEDER-000013, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

СКРИНИНГОВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ НАЛИЧИЯ В БАЦИЛЛАХ ГЕНОМА ВИРУСА ИНФЕКЦИОННОГО РИНОТРАХЕИТА КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

The research is aimed at screening studying of the cattle rednose in viral genome bacilli and was carried out in several stages. The first stage includes screening of virus antigen relation with bacteria in the process of agglutination with polyvalent serum. The second stage confirms general antigens in the process of indirect hemagglutination suppression. The third stage estimates anti-body producing after animals’ immunization with bacilli suspension in comparison with culture virus of the cattle rednose. The fourth stage defines the viral genome by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction with primers, homologous conserved region of glycoprotein D and glycoprotein B. The paper investigates 70 strains and concludes that 28.6% responded at 6,3–7,3 log2 titer; 15.7% responded at 8,3 log2 , 4,3% – 9,3 log2 , 4,3–11,3 log2 titer. The authors declare, 15 bacilli strains have antibodies entrapped to the cattle rednose virus on bacterial surface when studying in the process of indirect hemagglutination suppression; 10 strains contributed reducing of antibodies titer in 32–64 times; 4 strains reduced antibodies titer in 16 times; and 1 strain reduced it in 8 times. Polymerase chain reaction considers 3 strains to have homologous conserved region of glycoprotein D and glycoprotein B of the cattle rednose. This certifies the viral genome provides persistence in bacteria and they can produce specific antigens contributing to producing animals’ antiviral antibodies.Целью настоящей работы явилось проведение скрининговых исследований по изучению наличия в бациллах генома вируса инфекционного ринотрахеита крупного рогатого скота. Установление наличия генома вируса инфекционного ринотрахеита крупного рогатого скота в бациллах осуществлялось в несколько этапов. На первом этапе проведен скрининг антигенного родства е вируса с бактериями в реакции агглютинации с поливалентной сывороткой, на втором этапе  – подтверждение общих антигенов в  реакции торможения непрямой гемагглютинации, на третьем этапе – оценка антителообразования после иммунизации животных взвесью бацилл в  сравнительном аспекте с  культуральным вирусом ИРТ, на четвертом этапе  – установление наличия генома вируса с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с праймерами, гомологичными консервативным участкам генов гликопротеина D и  гликопротеина В. В  результате установлено, что при исследовании 70 штаммов 28,6% прореагировали в РА в титрах 6,3–7,3 log2 , 15,7 – в титрах 8,3 log2 , 4,3 – 9,3 log2 , 4,3% – 11,3 log2 . При изучении в РТНГА 15 штаммов бацилл сорбировали антитела к вирусу ИРТ на поверхности бактерий – 10 штаммов способствовали падению титра антител в 32–64 раза, 4 штамма – в 16 раз, 1 штамм – в 8 раз. В ПЦР у 3 штаммов выявлены гомологичные консервативные участки генов гликопротеина D и гликопротеина В вируса ИРТ. Установленный феномен свидетельствует о том, что в бактериях может персистировать геном инфекционного вируса, и они могут экспрессировать специфические для вирусов животных антигены, стимулируя тем самым выработку противовирусных антител у животных

Clinic-pathogenetic aspects associated of the pathology of bodies of digestion and exchange nephropaty at children

Inspection of 93 children in the age of from 3 till 16 years with a patologi of bodies of digestion associated with exchange nephropaty 70 % of patients Is lead. In work risk factors of development illnesses are analysed: at 28 children threatened on, and at 65 patients with illness, associated with various variants gastroduodeni pathologies and exchange nephropaty. The complex of obligatory methods of research included the clinic-genealogic anamnesis, the traditional laboratory-tool methods of research accepted in modern nephrology, and also cristalloscopy biological liquids (bile, urine, a saliva). Revealed the pathology at observable children has been caused by instability of cellular membranes at various levels (subcellular, cellular).Проведено обследование 93 детей в возрасте от 3-х до 16 лет с патологией билиарного тракта и гастродуоденальной системы, ассоциированной с обменными нефропатиями у 70% пациентов. В работе проанализированы факторы риска развития желчнокаменной болезни (ЖКБ): у 28 детей, угрожаемых по ЖКБ, и у 65 пациентов с желчнокаменной болезнью, ассоциированными с различными вариантами гастродуоденальной патологии и обменных нефропатий. В комплекс обязательных методов исследования входили клинико-генеалогический анамнез, традиционные лабораторно-инструментальные методы исследования, принятые в современной нефрологии, а также кристаллоскопия биологических жидкостей (желчь, моча, слюна). Выявленная полиорганная патология у наблюдаемых детей была обусловлена нестабильностью клеточных мембран на различных уровнях (органном, субклеточном, клеточном)

Magnetic Field Amplification in Galaxy Clusters and its Simulation

We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic field amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy clusters and beyond. Structure formation drives compression and turbulence, which amplify tiny magnetic seed fields to the microGauss values that are observed in the intracluster medium. This process is intimately connected to the properties of turbulence and the microphysics of the intra-cluster medium. Additional roles are played by merger induced shocks that sweep through the intra-cluster medium and motions induced by sloshing cool cores. The accurate simulation of magnetic field amplification in clusters still poses a serious challenge for simulations of cosmological structure formation. We review the current literature on cosmological simulations that include magnetic fields and outline theoretical as well as numerical challenges.Comment: 60 pages, 19 Figure

Laboratory evidence of dynamo amplification of magnetic fields in a turbulent plasma

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Universe. The energy density of these fields is typically comparable to the energy density of the fluid motions of the plasma in which they are embedded, making magnetic fields essential players in the dynamics of the luminous matter. The standard theoretical model for the origin of these strong magnetic fields is through the amplification of tiny seed fields via turbulent dynamo to the level consistent with current observations. However, experimental demonstration of the turbulent dynamo mechanism has remained elusive, since it requires plasma conditions that are extremely hard to re-create in terrestrial laboratories. Here we demonstrate, using laser-produced colliding plasma flows, that turbulence is indeed capable of rapidly amplifying seed fields to near equipartition with the turbulent fluid motions. These results support the notion that turbulent dynamo is a viable mechanism responsible for the observed present-day magnetization

Синтез полистирольных микросфер, содержащих на поверхности наночастицы оксида цинка

A methodology for immobilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles in polystyrene microspheres was developed. It includes the synthesis of stabilized zinc oxide nanoparticles and polymerization of styrene under conditions that enable carrying out the formation of adhesive contacts of nanoparticles in the polystyrene matrix.Разработана методология иммобилизации наночастиц оксида цинка в полистирольные микросферы, включающая синтез стабилизированных наночастиц оксида цинка и проведение полимеризации стирола в условиях, позволяющих осуществлять формирование адгезионных контактов наночастиц в полистирольной матрице