Seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in Indian buffaloes

ABSTRACT The prevalence of paratuberculosis in Indian buffaloes is largely unknown. The present study reports the seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in Indian buffaloes. Of 365 sera samples tested, absorbed-ELISA and agar-gel immunodiffusion test developed in the laboratory for the detection of antibodies specific to paratuberculosis identified 14.5% and 3.2% sera positive for the infection, respectively

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Not AvailableCoccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. The disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected faeces or ingestion of infected tissue. Diarrhoea, which may become bloody in severe cases, is the primary symptom.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria playing a major role in stimulating protective immune response in mammalian host. However, in many gram-negative bacterial infections, LPS also elicits immunopathology by inducing excessive inflammatory changes. P. multocida (Pm), a gram-negative bacterium, causes acute lung inflammation and fatal septicemic disease in animals. However, the effects of Pm LPS on host cells are little known. In this study, LPS isolated from three different serotypes (B:2, A:1 and A:3) of Pm were individually tested in vitro to assess the response of bovine leukocytes. Pm LPS induced cell proliferation and cell death of leukocytes, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In these cells, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation mediate cell death.Not Availabl

Semen quality parameters, their inter-relationship and post-washing sperm attributes of Rhode Island Red roosters

Aim: The present experiments were conducted (a) to evaluate the semen attributes of older Rhode Island Red (RIR) roosters and the inter-trait relationships, (b) to test sperm washing and storage duration suitable for gene transfer experiments. Materials and Methods: The semen characteristics of older RIR roosters were studied, and Pearson correlation analysis was done to demonstrate the inter-trait relationships. Progressive motility and percent live sperms were tested at different post-washing intervals to identify suitable sperm processing conditions for gene transfer experiments. Results: The volume, appearance score, initial motility, sperm count and percent live and abnormal spermatozoa were 0.38 ml, 3.58, 80.34%, 4.03 × 109 sperms/ml, 83.18% and 4.52% respectively. Positive correlation was observed among appearance score, motility, live sperm and sperm count. Semen volume is negatively correlated with all the other characters except live sperms, whereas, percent abnormal sperms negatively associated with all the other traits. Significant (p<0.05) decrease in terms of motility and live sperm was recorded at 60 min post-washing. Conclusion: The semen attributes of RIR roosters compares well with the other breeds of chicken. The appearance score can be used to assess fertility where microscopic evaluation facilities are limited. The sperm washing protocol tested in the experiment is suitable for gene transfer experiments

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Not AvailableInfectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrotic viral disease caused by the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), a member of the Family Parvoviridae, Genus Penstyldensovirus, is the smallest known shrimp penaeid viruses. This viral disease poses a threat to shrimp farming as it causes runt deformity syndrome in Penaeus vannamei and thereby causing economic loss to the farmers. An analysis was carried out in various P. vannamei farms (n=350) along the East Coast of India from 2013-2018, and it was found that 30 farm samples positive for IHHNV. The shrimps in these farms exhibited classical IHHNV clinical signs like deformed sixth abdominal segment, deformed rostrum, cuticular roughness and wrinkled antennae. There was a wide size variation in growth among the affected farms. These samples on histological analysis showed prominent intranuclear, Cowdry type A inclusion bodies characteristic of IHHNV. The inclusion bodies observed were in the tissues of the ectodermal hypodermal epithelium of fore- and hindgut, mesodermal origins like haematopoietic organs, antennal gland and lymphoid organ. All the samples were positive for IHHNV by PCR using OIE primers. An experiment was conducted in P. vannamei (n=100) to study the disease transmission wherein, the animals were fed orally by the infected IHHNV tissue, and it was found that the animals got the infection by day five. The experimentally infected animals did not exhibit the classical IHHNV symptoms as that was seen in animals in the farming conditions.Not Availabl

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