A HYPOTHETICAL DESIGN TO INHIBIT COVID 19 DISEASE DISASTER BY DIAGRAMMATIC MODEL

SARS-CoV-2 is a new entity in the globe studied vigorously in the present world. The estimated populations are around 47 million people who are affected by the virus and around 300,000 (16th May 2020) deaths resulted from the outbreak. The rate might keep on increasing due to the non-availability of a proper vaccine, following proper management with epidemiological studies, and displacement of contact individuals as a source of transmission in particular viral-prone regions. CoVID 19 is on its vigorous spread leading to a global impact on lots of sectors. The outreaching impacts play a role in international politics, scientific developments, and economic crises over the world, and global relations among the countries. This model attempts to determine the possible impacts and outcomes of the Pandemic over the international level and some possible ways to handle it effectively. An unpredictable catastrophe in the present scenario of the world is following a high range of public health hazards. Analytical plotted data assembles for imposing in multidisciplinary segments to cure and control morbidity, a mortality rate of disease clusters, and hotspots zone. The contagious outbreak was reprogrammed as a pandemic from Wuhan in China through the transmissible chain of human contacts. Currently, the infective chain is spreading day by day with high morbidity in the United States, Europe, Scandinavian countries, and India. The transmissible chain of the virus needs to break until any effective medicine or vaccine is launched

Antifungal activity and chemical composition of Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil against phytopathogens from North East India

The essential oil (EO) isolated by hydro-distillation from the peel of fully matured ripen fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco were analyzed by GC and GC 13MS. Thirty seven different components were identified constituting approximatel

Effect of glutathione on the quality of frozen buck semen

Ejaculates (30) collected twice weekly from five Beetal bucks were used to study the effect of addition of 0 (control), 4 mM, 6 mM and 8 mM glutathione on the quality of frozen Beetal buck semen by split sample technique. After removal of seminal plasma, the semen was primarily extended with Tris extender (1: 5) considering the volume of semen prior to removal of seminal plasma and then split into 4 parts and finally extended with equal volume of Tris extender that rose the extension rate to 1: 10. The mean percentage of sperm motility, live sperm, live intact acrosome, HOST-reacted sperm was significantly higher in Tris extender containing 4 mM glutathione than that containing 6 mM, 8 mM glutathione and control. The release of ALT and AST from post-thaw spermatozoa was also the lowest in semen containing 4mM concentration of glutathione. Based on post-thaw sperm motility, live sperm, live intact acrosome, HOST-reacted sperm, and ALT and AST release, addition of 4 mM glutathione in Tris extender was superior to 6 mM, 8 mM and 0 mM (control). It was concluded that glutathione at 4 mM could be used as an antioxidant in Tris for cryopreservation of Beetal buck semen which could provide a better environment in protecting the functional capacity of spermatozoa

Combined posterior flap and anterior suspended flap dacryocystorhinostomy: A modification of external dacryocystorhinostomy

Background : External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) remains a reliable surgical technique for the treatment of obstruction of lacrimal drainage system beyond the common canalicular opening. Aim : To describe a simple modified double flap external DCR technique. Materials and Methods : Ninety six consecutive cases of chronic dacryocystitis with or without mucocele were selected irrespective of age and sex. In a modification to routine external DCR, a modified technique was followed, where both anterior and posterior flaps of lacrimal sac and nasal mucosa are created and sutured. Two double armed sutures were used to join the edges of anterior flaps, and elevate them anteriorly to avoid adhesion or apposition with underlying sutured posterior flaps, and to approximate the deep plane of the wound. Results: At the end of average follow-up period of 13 months, we observed 98.9% objective and 96.8% subjective success rates. The average operation time was 45 minutes. No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications were noticed. Conclusion : We believe that combined posterior flap and anterior suspended flap DCR technique is simple to perform and has the advantage of both double flap DCR and anterior suspension of anterior flaps. The results of the study showed the efficacy of this simple modification

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Not AvailableCorrelation of serum progesterone concentration with number of corpora lutea in superovulated Assam local and Beetal goats.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableRecovery of embryos from superovulated cows and its correlation with progesterone concentrationNot Availabl

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Not AvailableCyclic yak cows (24) of first to third lactation, maintained in yak farm, National Research Centre on Yak, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Arunachal Pradesh, India were used for synchronization of oestrus using 3 different concentrations of progesterone in vaginal sponge. The duration of oestrus, time of ovulation and serum progesterone hormone levels during different days of intravaginal sponge implant and after insemination were recorded. In yak cows receiving 500, 600 and 700 mg of progesterone in vaginal sponge, and variation of oestrus time was recorded.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCyclic yak cows (24) of first to third lactation, maintained in yak farm, National Research Centre on Yak, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Arunachal Pradesh, India were used for synchronization of oestrus using 3 different concentrations of progesterone in vaginal sponge. The duration of oestrus, time of ovulation and serum progesterone hormone levels during different days of intravaginal sponge implant and after insemination were recorded. In yak cows receiving 500, 600 and 700 mg of progesterone in vaginal sponge, the mean duration of oestrus was 25.76±1.07, 24.41±1.82 and 24.64±2.58 h and the time of ovulation after the end of oestrus was 11.6±0.90, 13.2±1.38, 12.6±1.25 h respectively. In control group out of 5 yaks one exhibited oestrus. The duration of oestrus and time of ovulation of that animal was 17.00 h and 16.00 h respectively. The difference between the treatment groups was not significant. The mean serum progesterone level at 3 days before implantation of intravaginal sponge varied from 1.50±0.38 to 3.97±1.15 ng/ml which increased gradually during the 14 days period of implantation and varied from 6.34±0.92 to 7.24±0.12 ng/ml on 14th day. The serum progesterone level in yaks of treatment and control groups increased gradually from 0 day through 16 days after insemination. Thereafter it dropped in non-pregnant yaks but increased steadily in pregnant yaksNot Availabl

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Not AvailableThe Arunachali breed of yak is reared by the Monpa pastoral community of Arunachal Pradesh in India for their livelihood and nutritional security on highland pastures. In addition to fulfilling the basic needs of highlanders, this animal is associated with poor production potential linked to its inherent reproductive problems, including silent oestrus, seasonality, and inbreeding, making yak rearing a less-profitable venture. In the recent past, efforts have been made to improve reproductive efficiency of Arunachali yak through assisted reproductive techniques. However, a few regimens for superovulation have been tried to date with limited success in terms of superovulatory response and embryo recovery. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of two different doses and regimes of superovulation: Stimufol (400 and 200 µg per animal) and Folligon (1500 and 1000 IU per animal) in Arunachali yak. Twenty-four yaks were allotted in 4 groups (of 6 animals each) and subjected to respective superovulation treatment. Thereafter, the treatment response was assessed in terms of expression of oestrus, interval between treatment and oestrus onset, duration of oestrous, number of corpora lutea and embryos recovered, and analysed using two-way statistical analysis between treatment groups. The results (Table 1) showed a significant (P < 0.01) variation in onset of oestrus after the treatment, whereas other responses did not differ among the groups. Further, the recovered embryos were categorized as excellent, good, fair, and poor according to cell size, shape, texture, and number of vesicles present in the blastomeres; 58.33, 20.83, 8.33, and 12.5% embryos in these categories were recovered, respectively. The overall embryo recovery rate was 30.77%, ranging from 10.53 to 52.38% in different treatment groups. The numbers of embryos recorded were less than the numbers of CL present, showing the possibility of non-availability of all ovulated oocytes for fertilization in the oviduct due to untrapping by the fimbriae. The effectiveness of treatments depended upon the precision of oestrus detection and the time of ovulation. In our study, the variation in onset of oestrus might be associated with poor expression of behavioural oestrus in the treated animals. Based on the present findings, we conclude that all the treatments are effective in superovulation and embryo recovery. However, the use of Folligon at 1500 IU seemed to be comparatively more effective in Arunachali yak.Not Availabl