Drosophilidae (Diptera) associados a fungos: uso diferenciado de recursos em áreas antrópicas e de Mata Atlântica

This study investigates the Drosophilidae species associated to fruiting bodies of fungi in forested and anthropized environments of the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome, in south and southeastern Brazil. We collected samples of imagoes flying over and emerging from fruiting bodies of species of five fungi families, in six collection sites. We obtained 18 samples, from which emerged 910 drosophilids of 31 species from the genera Drosophila Fallen, 1823, Hirtodrosophila Duda, 1923, Leucophenga Mik, 1886, Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914, Scaptomyza Hardy, 1849, Zaprionus Coquillett, 1901 and Zygothrica Wiedemann, 1830. The Drosophila species collected on fungi, as well as Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970, had previously been recorded colonizing fruits, demonstrating their versatility in resource use. Most of these species belong to the immigrans-tripunctata radiation of Drosophila. Our records expands the mycophagous habit (feeding or breeding on fungi) to almost all species groups of this radiation in the Neotropical region, even those supposed to be exclusively frugivorous. Assemblages associated to fungi of forested areas were more heterogeneous in terms of species composition, while those associated to fungi of anthropized areas were more homogeneous. The drosophilids from anthropized areas were also more versatile in resource use.Foi realizado um estudo das espécies de Drosophilidae associadas aos corpos de frutificação de fungos em ambientes florestais e antrópicos no Bioma Mata Atlântica, no sul e sudeste do Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas de adultos sobrevoando e emergindo de corpos de frutificação de espécies de fungos de cinco famílias, em seis pontos de coleta. Foram obtidas 18 amostras, onde foram coletados 910 indivíduos de 31 espécies, pertencentes aos gêneros Drosophila Fallen, 1823, Hirtodrosophila Duda, 1923, Leucophenga Mik, 1886, Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914, Scaptomyza Hardy, 1849, Zaprionus Coquillett, 1901 e Zygothrica Wiedemann, 1830. As espécies de Drosophila coletadas, assim como Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970, já haviam sido registradas em frutos, evidenciando sua versatilidade na utilização dos recursos. A maioria destas espécies pertence à radiação immigrans-tripunctata de Drosophila. Em espécies desta radiação que habitam regiões temperadas, a micofagia é amplamente difundida; nossos registros (de sítios de alimentação e oviposição em fungos) expandem este hábito para quase todos os grupos de espécies desta radiação na região Neotropical, mesmo aquelas que se supunham ser exclusivamente frugívoras. As assembléias colonizadoras dos corpos de frutificação variaram entre as espécies de fungos e com o tipo de ambiente em que eles se desenvolviam, onde as espécies de drosofilídeos generalistas utilizam os fungos em ambientes mais degradados.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Apoio da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Su

Preschool Teachers’ Perspectives About the Engagement of Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Parents in Their Children’s Early Education

The present study explores the perceptions of teachers about the engagement of immigrant and non-immigrant parents in preschool. Data were drawn from a larger evaluation study of a government initiative for preschools in Germany, which was designed to foster inclusive pedagogy and parent cooperation. In these analyses, teachers’ perceptions of the engagement of immigrant parents and non-immigrant parents were rated for each parent group, on a 10-item measure, to identify how teacher ratings varied for the different parent groups. Data from 1397 preschool teachers, employed across 203 preschools, were analyzed using multilevel modeling. This statistical approach takes account of the clustered nature of the data. Teacher ratings of engagement for immigrant and non-immigrant parent groups differed between preschools. Most variability in the ratings could be ascribed to preschool characteristics. In preschools, in which staff held a shared understanding of dealing with cultural diversity and in which the director of the preschool had a multicultural mindset, teachers perceived engagement of parents more positively, especially for immigrant parents. Overall, the findings identified the importance of self-efficacy for inclusion and more positive beliefs about multiculturalism among preschool teachers. Such qualities are important for working with all parents. However, unfavorable social structures, such as those found in disadvantaged areas, may present major challenges for parent cooperation and engagement

Analytical model for p-n junctions under point source illumination

An analytical model of the photoresponse of p-n junctions under a point source illumination is presented. The model measures the response of different regions of the pixel in terms of current. Both p-n+ and p-Nwell junction photodiodes were fabricated in a standard UMC 90nm technology and tested. Model and experimental data reveal a similar behaviour

Mr. Happy’s party and Miss Angry’s shades

Three studies explored categorization of facial expressions in childhood. Three-year-olds classified broadly by valence (positive vs. negative), and were unaffected by manipulations of perceptual information or instructions. By 5, children’s basic categories had refined, supporting the proposals of Barrett (2006) and Russell (2003) for a ‘core’ system of emotion recognition

New records of six species of subgenus Sophophora (Drosophila, Drosophilidae) collected in Brazil

Döge, Jonas S., Gottschalk, Marco S., De Toni, Daniela C., Bizzo, Luís E. M., Oliveira, Sabrina C. F., Valente, Vera L. S., Hofmann, Paulo R. P. (2004): New records of six species of subgenus Sophophora (Drosophila, Drosophilidae) collected in Brazil. Zootaxa 675 (1): 1-6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.675.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.675.1.