First Use of Superpulsed Fibre Thulium Laser-Based Contact Stone Ablation in Common Bile and Main Pancreatic Ducts

Aim. A clinical demonstration of the feasibility of novel superpulsed thulium fibre laser in contact intraductal lithotripsy in patients with choledocholithiasis and pancreatic lithiasis.Key points. We describe two clinically successful ablations of large biliary and pancreatic calculi using a FiberLase U2 superpulse fibre thulium laser appliance (IRE-Polus, Russia) during oral transpapillary cholangiopancreaticoscopy in patients with technically unfeasible conventional minimally invasive treatment for choledocho- and pancreatic lithiasis. A 72-yo patient was urgently admitted with acute mechanical jaundice, cholangitis and a history of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) and bilioduodenal stenting with a plastic implant for technically impractical lithotripsy and lithoextraction. An ineffective extracorporeal lithotripsy attempt was followed on day 3 by a second retrograde intervention and endoscopic contact laser lithotripsy controlled in oral transpapillary cholangioscopy with FiberLase U2. A 50-yo patient was admitted with clinical signs of chronic calculous pancreatitis and a history of EPST, pancreatic ductotomy and plastic pancreatic stenting. The first endoscopy stage comprised the encrusted pancreatic stent removal, retrograde pancreaticography, pancreatic ductotomy, narrowed terminal Wirsung’s duct bougienage with mechanical dilators and additional balloon-assisted dilation of the excision area and pancreatic stricture. Mechanical intraductal lithotripsy was unsuccessful. Contact lithotripsy with a novel superpulsed fibre thulium laser has been rendered. The technique presented ensures a complete sanation of the duct at no mucosal damage.Conclusion. We present the fully successful first national and world experience of the superpulsed fibre thulium laser application in contact lithotripsy of large calculi in common bile and main pancreatic ducts

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЭНДОСКОПИЧЕСКОГО РЕТРОГРАДНОГО СТЕНТИРОВАНИЯ ЖЕЛЧНЫХ ПРОТОКОВ ПРИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ОПУХОЛЯХ ОРГАНОВ ПАНКРЕАТОБИЛИАРНОЙ ЗОНЫ, ОСЛОЖНЕННЫХ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ЖЕЛТУХОЙ

Purpose. In the last 10 years in the treatment of acute jaundice, developed on a background of malignant tumors of the pancreatobiliary zone (PBZ), more preferred method is endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage.Material and methods. From January 2007 to July 2012 in the clinic of hospital surgery N. 2 PRNMU endoscopic biliary stenting was performed in 441 patients. Of these, 324 (73.5%) stenting fell to 234 patients with a tumor of the extrahepatic bile ducts. The diagnostic program included ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography.Results. Installing of bilioduodenal stent in 223 patients (95.3%) was generated after the pre-endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST). The adequacy of the biliary drainage after produced in the required amount of biliary stent placement was achieved in all patients. In 46 cases, execute the biliary tract prosthesis failed. Complications of endoscopic interventions presented with acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding from the area of EPST, perforated duodenal wall and migration of the stent were in 19 cases (5?9%). Postoperative mortality was 3?8%. 7 patients (3%) died after the endoscopic decompression of the biliary tract. After stenting in all patients with jaundice it was resolved or significantly reduced. In 185 of them (79%) was the definitive guide endoscopic treatment because of severity of tumor process. In cases of jaundice reccurence endoscopic stent recanalizing or replacement were performed. In the remaining cases (21%) patients after the resolution of jaundice decompressive surgical intervention were done.Conclusion. The method of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage allows you to prepare patients with obstructive jaundice for surgical intervention, including the radical. The frequency of complications after endoscopic retrograde operations on the major duodenal papilla for acute jaundice blastomatous origin did not differ from that after the standard retrograde interventions and was 6%. Актуальность. В последнее десятилетие в лечении острой механической желтухи, развившейся на фоне злокачественных новообразований органов панкреатобилиарной зоны (ПБЗ), все больше отдают предпочтение эндоскопическому ретроградному способу дренирования желчных протоков.Материал и методы. С января 2007 по июль 2012 г. в клинике госпитальной хирургии № 2 РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова было выполнено эндоскопическое протезирование билиарного тракта у 441 больного. Из них 324 (73,5%) стентирования пришлись на долю 234 пациентов с опухолью внепеченочных желчных протоков. Диагностическая программа включала в себя ультразвуковое исследование, компьютерную томографию, эндоскопическую ультрасонографию и эндоскопическую ретроградную панкреатикохолангиографию.Результаты. Установка билиодуоденального стента у 223 больных (95,3%) производилась после предварительно выполненной эндоскопической папиллосфинктеротомии (ЭПСТ). Адекватность дренирования желчных протоков после произведенного в необходимом объеме билиарного стентирования была достигнута у всех пациентов. В 46 случаях выполнить стентирование билиарного тракта не удалось. Осложнения после эндоскопических вмешательств, представленные острым панкреатитом, холангитом, кровотечением из области ЭПСТ, перфорацией стенки двенадцатиперстной кишки и миграцией стента встретились в 19 случаях (5,9%). Послеоперационная летальность составила 3,8%. В 7 случаях (3%) пациенты умерли после достижения эндоскопической декомпрессии билиарного тракта. После билиодуоденального стентирования у всех пациентов желтуха разрешилась или существенно снизилась. У 185 из них (79%) эндоскопическое пособие явилось окончательным методом лечения вследствие запущенного опухолевого процесса. При рецидиве желтухи выполняли эндоскопическую санацию стента либо его замену. В остальных случаях (21%) после разрешения желтухи больным были произведены хирургические декомпрессивные вмешательства.Заключение. Метод эндоскопического ретроградного дренирования желчных протоков позволяет подготовить больных с механической желтухой к оперативным вмешательствам, в том числе и радикальным (либо является окончательным методом лечения опухолей органов ПБЗ, осложненных механической желтухой у неоперабельных больных). Частота осложнений после эндоскопических ретроградных вмешательств на большом сосочке двенадцатиперстной кишки по поводу ост- рой механической желтухи бластоматозного генеза практически не отличалась от таковой после стандартных ретроградных вмешательств и составляла 6%.

OPPORTUNITIES OF ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE STENTING OF THE BILE DUCTS IN MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE PANCREATOBILIARY ZONE, COMPLICATED BY OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

Purpose. In the last 10 years in the treatment of acute jaundice, developed on a background of malignant tumors of the pancreatobiliary zone (PBZ), more preferred method is endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage.Material and methods. From January 2007 to July 2012 in the clinic of hospital surgery N. 2 PRNMU endoscopic biliary stenting was performed in 441 patients. Of these, 324 (73.5%) stenting fell to 234 patients with a tumor of the extrahepatic bile ducts. The diagnostic program included ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography.Results. Installing of bilioduodenal stent in 223 patients (95.3%) was generated after the pre-endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST). The adequacy of the biliary drainage after produced in the required amount of biliary stent placement was achieved in all patients. In 46 cases, execute the biliary tract prosthesis failed. Complications of endoscopic interventions presented with acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding from the area of EPST, perforated duodenal wall and migration of the stent were in 19 cases (5?9%). Postoperative mortality was 3?8%. 7 patients (3%) died after the endoscopic decompression of the biliary tract. After stenting in all patients with jaundice it was resolved or significantly reduced. In 185 of them (79%) was the definitive guide endoscopic treatment because of severity of tumor process. In cases of jaundice reccurence endoscopic stent recanalizing or replacement were performed. In the remaining cases (21%) patients after the resolution of jaundice decompressive surgical intervention were done.Conclusion. The method of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage allows you to prepare patients with obstructive jaundice for surgical intervention, including the radical. The frequency of complications after endoscopic retrograde operations on the major duodenal papilla for acute jaundice blastomatous origin did not differ from that after the standard retrograde interventions and was 6%