ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОТКОСОВ ДАМБ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ ОТ НАВОДНЕНИЙ НА РЕКЕ ГОРЫНИ

Hydrologic conditions that cause the Goryn river floods have been described in the paper. The paper considers engineering solutions pertaining to prevention of catastrophic floodings by bifurcation of maximum river flow while constructing a watershed dike and creating a non-flood polder in the flood plain. The formulas have been developed for calculation of dike slope fixing by dumped riprap when the slopes are subjected to stream impact. The paper provides an analysis of existing dependences for calculation of riprap material size in order to protect slopes against waves. The possible ways for lower cost of fixation while using  waste tyres and also while constructing  small wave-suppressing dikes reinforced by dumped riprap and shrub vegetation along the main dike have been revealed in the paper.Описываются гидрологические условия возникновения наводнений на р. Горыни. Рассмотрены инженерные решения по предотвращению катастрофических наводнений путем бифуркации максимального стока реки посредством сооружения водоразделительной дамбы и создания на пойме незатапливаемого польдера. Разработаны формулы для расчета креплений откосов дамб каменной наброской при воздействии течений. Дан анализ существующих зависимостей для расчета крупности материала наброски для защиты откосов от действия волн. Показаны возможные пути снижения стоимости креплений с использованием отработанных автопокрышек, а также путем сооружения вдоль основной дамбы волногасящих дамбочек, закрепленных каменной наброской и кустарниковой растительностью

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ОПЫТ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ МЕЛИОРАЦИИ И РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ

The paper is devoted to problems pertaining to renovation and new construction of drainage systems in accordance with the State program on conservation and use of reclaimed agricultural land of the Republic of Belarus. It has been It has been established on the basis of the analysis of soil, hydrological and topographic surveys at eight renovation and new construction sites that overwatering of agricultural land is mainly derived from silting of channels, drains and sewer mouths; poor organization of surface water runoff from fields and compaction of subsurface horizon.Project activities have been conducted in accordance with existing regulatory documents. Polyethylene corrugated pipes have been used while designing new facilities and renovation of existing drainage systems. Diameters of plastic collectors have been calculated from well-known hydraulic formulas depending on drainage flow module and catchment area. Surface low-country runoff has been driven mainly by gullies, open craters and wells sinks. Composition of technical solutions used in the reconstruction of reclamation systems has been determined not only by hydrological conditions and a high-tech state of elements in the existing drainage system, but also by planned agricultural use of reclaimed land.The paper considers some examples pertaining to application of various approaches to the objects of new reclamation construction on fertile soil and reconstruction of reclamation systems under different soil and hydrogeological conditions of the Republic. Main technical and economic indicators are given in the paper. It has been shown that technical solutions incorporated in the projects of new construction and reconstruction of reclamation systems provide significant improvement in soil water regime and their effective agricultural use.Статья посвящена вопросам реконструкции и нового строительства дренажных систем в соответствии с Государственной программой сохранения и использования мелиорированных сельскохозяйственных земель Республики Беларусь. На основании анализа почвенных, гидрологических и топографических изысканий на восьми объектах реконструкции и нового строительства установлено, что переувлажнение сельскохозяйственных земель в основном произошло из-за заиления каналов, дрен и устьев коллекторов, плохой организации стока поверхностных вод с полей и уплотнения подпахотного горизонта.Проектные мероприятия проводились в соответствии с действующими нормативными документами. При проектировании новых объектов и реконструкции существующих дренажных систем применяли полиэтиленовые гофрированные трубы. Диаметры полиэтиленовых коллекторов рассчитывали по общеизвестным формулам гидравлики в зависимости от модуля дренажного стока и водосборной площади. Поверхностный сток из понижений отводили в основном с помощью ложбин стока, открытых воронок и колодцев-поглотителей. Состав технических решений применяемых при реконструкции мелиоративных систем определяли не только гидрогеологическими условиями и современным техническим состоянием элементов существующей дренажной системы, но и планируемым сельскохозяйственным использованием осушенных земель.Рассмотрены примеры различных подходов к объектам нового мелиоративного строительства на высокоплодородных почвах и к объектам реконструкции мелиоративных систем в разных почвенногидрогеологических условиях республики. Приведены основные технико-экономические показатели. Показано, что технические решения, заложенные в проектах нового строительства и реконструкции мелиоративных систем, обеспечат существенное улучшение водного режима почв и их эффективное сельскохозяйственное использование

PROVISION OF DIKE SLOPE STABILITY FOR TERRITORY PROTECTION AGAINST GORYN RIVER FLOODS

Hydrologic conditions that cause the Goryn river floods have been described in the paper. The paper considers engineering solutions pertaining to prevention of catastrophic floodings by bifurcation of maximum river flow while constructing a watershed dike and creating a non-flood polder in the flood plain. The formulas have been developed for calculation of dike slope fixing by dumped riprap when the slopes are subjected to stream impact. The paper provides an analysis of existing dependences for calculation of riprap material size in order to protect slopes against waves. The possible ways for lower cost of fixation while using  waste tyres and also while constructing  small wave-suppressing dikes reinforced by dumped riprap and shrub vegetation along the main dike have been revealed in the paper

MODERN DESIGN EXPERIENCE OF MELIORATION FACILITIES AND RENOVATION OF MELIORATIVE SYSTEMS

The paper is devoted to problems pertaining to renovation and new construction of drainage systems in accordance with the State program on conservation and use of reclaimed agricultural land of the Republic of Belarus. It has been It has been established on the basis of the analysis of soil, hydrological and topographic surveys at eight renovation and new construction sites that overwatering of agricultural land is mainly derived from silting of channels, drains and sewer mouths; poor organization of surface water runoff from fields and compaction of subsurface horizon.Project activities have been conducted in accordance with existing regulatory documents. Polyethylene corrugated pipes have been used while designing new facilities and renovation of existing drainage systems. Diameters of plastic collectors have been calculated from well-known hydraulic formulas depending on drainage flow module and catchment area. Surface low-country runoff has been driven mainly by gullies, open craters and wells sinks. Composition of technical solutions used in the reconstruction of reclamation systems has been determined not only by hydrological conditions and a high-tech state of elements in the existing drainage system, but also by planned agricultural use of reclaimed land.The paper considers some examples pertaining to application of various approaches to the objects of new reclamation construction on fertile soil and reconstruction of reclamation systems under different soil and hydrogeological conditions of the Republic. Main technical and economic indicators are given in the paper. It has been shown that technical solutions incorporated in the projects of new construction and reconstruction of reclamation systems provide significant improvement in soil water regime and their effective agricultural use