5,981 research outputs found
Inferring the dynamics of underdamped stochastic systems
Many complex systems, ranging from migrating cells to animal groups, exhibit
stochastic dynamics described by the underdamped Langevin equation. Inferring
such an equation of motion from experimental data can provide profound insight
into the physical laws governing the system. Here, we derive a principled
framework to infer the dynamics of underdamped stochastic systems from
realistic experimental trajectories, sampled at discrete times and subject to
measurement errors. This framework yields an operational method, Underdamped
Langevin Inference (ULI), which performs well on experimental trajectories of
single migrating cells and in complex high-dimensional systems, including
flocks with Viscek-like alignment interactions. Our method is robust to
experimental measurement errors, and includes a self-consistent estimate of the
inference error
Learning dynamical models of single and collective cell migration: a review
Single and collective cell migration are fundamental processes critical for
physiological phenomena ranging from embryonic development and immune response
to wound healing and cancer metastasis. To understand cell migration from a
physical perspective, a broad variety of models for the underlying physical
mechanisms that govern cell motility have been developed. A key challenge in
the development of such models is how to connect them to experimental
observations, which often exhibit complex stochastic behaviours. In this
review, we discuss recent advances in data-driven theoretical approaches that
directly connect with experimental data to infer dynamical models of stochastic
cell migration. Leveraging advances in nanofabrication, image analysis, and
tracking technology, experimental studies now provide unprecedented large
datasets on cellular dynamics. In parallel, theoretical efforts have been
directed towards integrating such datasets into physical models from the single
cell to the tissue scale with the aim of conceptualizing the emergent behavior
of cells. We first review how this inference problem has been addressed in
freely migrating cells on two-dimensional substrates and in structured,
confining systems. Moreover, we discuss how data-driven methods can be
connected with molecular mechanisms, either by integrating mechanistic
bottom-up biophysical models, or by performing inference on subcellular degrees
of freedom. Finally, we provide an overview of applications of data-driven
modelling in developing frameworks for cell-to-cell variability in behaviours,
and for learning the collective dynamics of multicellular systems.
Specifically, we review inference and machine learning approaches to recover
cell-cell interactions and collective dynamical modes, and how these can be
integrated into physical active matter models of collective migration
Neural Networks for Modeling and Control of Particle Accelerators
We describe some of the challenges of particle accelerator control, highlight
recent advances in neural network techniques, discuss some promising avenues
for incorporating neural networks into particle accelerator control systems,
and describe a neural network-based control system that is being developed for
resonance control of an RF electron gun at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and
Technology (FAST) facility, including initial experimental results from a
benchmark controller.Comment: 21 p
Assessing Human Error Against a Benchmark of Perfection
An increasing number of domains are providing us with detailed trace data on
human decisions in settings where we can evaluate the quality of these
decisions via an algorithm. Motivated by this development, an emerging line of
work has begun to consider whether we can characterize and predict the kinds of
decisions where people are likely to make errors.
To investigate what a general framework for human error prediction might look
like, we focus on a model system with a rich history in the behavioral
sciences: the decisions made by chess players as they select moves in a game.
We carry out our analysis at a large scale, employing datasets with several
million recorded games, and using chess tablebases to acquire a form of ground
truth for a subset of chess positions that have been completely solved by
computers but remain challenging even for the best players in the world.
We organize our analysis around three categories of features that we argue
are present in most settings where the analysis of human error is applicable:
the skill of the decision-maker, the time available to make the decision, and
the inherent difficulty of the decision. We identify rich structure in all
three of these categories of features, and find strong evidence that in our
domain, features describing the inherent difficulty of an instance are
significantly more powerful than features based on skill or time.Comment: KDD 2016; 10 page
Randomly Broken Nuclei and Disordered Systems
Similarities between models of fragmenting nuclei and disordered systems in
condensed matter suggest corresponding methods. Several theoretical models of
fragmentation investigated in this fashion show marked differences, indicating
possible new methods for distinguishing models using yield data. Applying
nuclear methods to disordered systems also yields interesting results.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Slip Stacking
Slip stacking has been onperational at Fermilab Main Injector (MI) since December 2004. The proton beam intensity for the anti proton production was increased by 70% with the stacking scheme. We plan to use it also for the Numi operation which is providing beams to the MINOS neutrino experiment
- …