Land and schooling

"The authors address questions such as: (1) how do parents allocate land and education between sons and daughters? (2) how do changing returns to land and human capital affect parents' investments in children? (3) what do gender differences in land and schooling mean for the welfare of men and women? (4) is gender equity compatible with efficiency and growth? The book is based on intensive household surveys in Ghana, Indonesia, and the Philippines." From TextSex discrimination against women Developing countries. ,Agricultural laborers ,

Alien Registration- Wilson, Agnes P. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/22040/thumbnail.jp

Freeze Out Process with In-Medium Nucleon Mass

We investigate the kinetic freeze out scenario of a nucleon gas through a finite layer. The in-medium mass modification of nucleons and it's impact on the freeze out process is studied. A considerable modification of the thermodynamical parameters temperature, flow-velocity, energy density and particle density has been found in comparison with evaluations which use a constant vacuum nucleon mass.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceeding of the Conference "Quark Matter 2005", 4th - 9th August 2005, Budapest/Hungar

Unemployment and Possibly Inflation Which is a Symptom of an Ever-Increasing General Price Level

Manado as the capital city of North Sulawesi Province is not immune from unemployment problems. This problem does not just appear and give a momentary impact but also has an impact on problems that are often sustainable in the long term. In general, unemployment can be defined as a situation where a person belonging to the category of the labor force does not have a job and is actively looking for work. The method used is a scientific approach to economic decisions. This method approach starts from the data and then processed into valuable information for decision making. Wages are an acceptance as a reward from employers to workers. The monetary crisis that hit ASEAN member countries, has ravaged the economic structure of these countries. This inflation is caused by an increase in production costs caused by increases in input costs or production factor costs. If population growth is high, if it is not matched by an increase in economic capacity, it will reduce the welfare of a country's population. Wages are an acceptance as a reward from the employer to the workforce for a job or service that has been performed, stated or valued in the form of money determined according to an agreement or statutory regulations and paid on the basis of an employment agreement between the entrepreneur (employer) and the worker including benefits for both workers themselves and their families. This inflation is caused by an increase in production costs caused by increases in input costs or production factor costs. If population growth is high, if it is not matched by an increase in economic capacity, it will reduce the welfare of a country's population. Wages are an acceptance as a reward from the employer to the workforce for a job or service that has been performed, stated or valued in the form of money determined according to an agreement or statutory regulations and paid on the basis of an employment agreement between the entrepreneur (employer) and the worker including benefits for both workers themselves and their families. This inflation is caused by an increase in production costs caused by increases in input costs or production factor costs. If population growth is high, if it is not matched by an increase in economic capacity, it will reduce the welfare of a country's population. Wages are an acceptance as a reward from the employer to the workforce for a job or service that has been performed, stated or valued in the form of money determined according to an agreement or statutory regulations and paid on the basis of an employment agreement between the entrepreneur (employer) and the worker including benefits for both workers themselves and their families

Co-dependent excitatory and inhibitory plasticity accounts for quick, stable and long-lasting memories in biological networks

The brain’s functionality is developed and maintained through synaptic plasticity. As synapses undergo plasticity, they also affect each other. The nature of such ‘co-dependency’ is difficult to disentangle experimentally, because multiple synapses must be monitored simultaneously. To help understand the experimentally observed phenomena, we introduce a framework that formalizes synaptic co-dependency between different connection types. The resulting model explains how inhibition can gate excitatory plasticity while neighboring excitatory–excitatory interactions determine the strength of long-term potentiation. Furthermore, we show how the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory synapses can account for the quick rise and long-term stability of a variety of synaptic weight profiles, such as orientation tuning and dendritic clustering of co-active synapses. In recurrent neuronal networks, co-dependent plasticity produces rich and stable motor cortex-like dynamics with high input sensitivity. Our results suggest an essential role for the neighborly synaptic interaction during learning, connecting micro-level physiology with network-wide phenomena

An Evaluation of the Motives behind Volunteering and Existing Motivational Strategies among Voluntary Organizations in Kenya

Given that volunteers offer their services without compensation, it is widely assumed that the presence or absence of any form of motivation cannot deter their desire to volunteer. This study used 120 purposively selected respondents comprising 90 volunteers and 30 non volunteers to identify the factors that make people volunteer and the explore existing motivational strategies in three voluntary organizations in Kenya - Kenya Red Cross Society, the United Nations Volunteers and the St. Johns Ambulance Kenya. The research grouped the strategies into intrinsic and extrinsic factors as categorized by Herzberg (1959) theory to try and understand if both motivational and hygienic factors play a role in making people to volunteer. The research also utilised the Social Exchange Theory to establish whether volunteers expect social rewards to continue volunteering. The research established that people volunteer to obtain learning opportunities and gain experience (51.1%), due to encouragement from peers (18.8%), so as to complete school projects (16.7%) and due to lack of employment (13.3%). The study also established that though the voluntary companies employed both the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational strategies, they did not properly communicate the strategies to the respondents. Some 44.4% volunteers continued volunteering because they felt that motivational strategies geared towards personal growth and development (intrinsic) were present, while 33.3% non volunteers said organizational motivational strategies (extrinsic) created conducive work environment. The study concluded that any voluntary organization should ensure that it has aligned its volunteer management processes of recruitment, induction, training and motivation to reap maximum benefits from volunteers. Keywords: Volunteers, Motivation Strategies, Intrinsic Factors, Extrinsic Factors, Keny

An Evaluation of Certified Fraud Examiners’ Perceptions of Behaviour and Lifestyle Change as Fraud Indicators

This is an exploratory and descriptive study that sought to investigate the perception of certified fraud examiners (CFEs) on the suitability of using red flag behaviour indicators to detect and investigate crime in Kenya. This was necessitated by the continued prevalence of fraud cases in government and private offices despite established mechanism for fraud detection and deterrence. The study used random sampling procedure to select 90 CFEs out of 150 CFEs who were ready to participate in this research. The study is anchored on social learning theory and self control theory.  The study findings revealed that CFEs had an optimistic and positive perception towards the use of behavioral red flags as indicators for detecting fraud. Findings also showed that the CFEs believed that the indicators of lifestyle and behavior change can be used successfully for fraud identification in all the industries and occupations explored in the study. The study concluded that there is a need for further study on emerging trends of behavioural and lifestyle changes related to fraud commission. It also recommended that CFEs be proactive in monitoring and surveillance of suspect employees for tips on fraud. Keywords: Fraud, Fraud detection, Fraud investigation, Behavioural change, Keny

HIV and AIDs Stigma and its Influence on Coping Mechanisms: A Case of People Living with HIV and AIDS within a Rural Set up in Maragua District, Kenya

This paper explores how HIV and AIDs stigma is experienced in rural communities and the mechanisms exercised to cope with it. The research explores the experiences of HIV positive persons within the communities they live in, focusing on the influence of socio economic factors on HIV stigma, ways of coping with the stigma and influence of stigma on coping mechanisms embraced by HIV positive persons. The research interviewed 60 persons living with HIV and AIDS enrolled in support groups in Maragua district in Central Kenya. Ten key informants including nurses, clinicians, professional social workers, and counselors were purposively selected from within the health care facilities HIV and AIDS in the area. Raw data was collected through face to face interviews with the 60 respondents using questionnaires that contained open and close ended questions while an interview guide was used on the key informants. The data was analyzed by the use of statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The study found that HIV and Aids stigma impact negatively on the health seeking behavior among the HIV positive, and also on their social, political and economic advancement. The study also found that in spite of stigma being complex it is also dynamic in the sense that as people learn more about HIV and AIDS their attitudes change. The paper recommends concerted efforts from key players including people living with HIV and AIDS, the government, local leaders, community and health care providers to ensure raising HIV and AIDS awareness levels and prevention care. Keywords: HIV and AIDS Stigma, Coping Mechanisms, HIV and AIDS Management, Rural Areas, Murang’a -Keny