Life tables of cashew stem and root borers, Plocaederus ferrugineus and Polcaederus obesus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Cashew stem and root borers, Plocaederus ferrugineus L. and Plocaederus obesus Gahan are major pests of cashew (Anacardium occidentale). Life tables of these pests were constructed by rearing them on cashew bark under laboratory conditions. The population parameters such as, fecundity (ΣFx), net reproductive rate (Ro), cohort generation time (Tc), innate capacity to increase (rc), finite rate of population growth (λ) and doubling time (DT) were estimated. The larval stage in P. ferrugineus and egg stage in P. obesus were higher in contributing to the stable age distribution (Cx) of these pest species. The Ro for P. ferrugineus and P. obesus was 29.00 and 25.96, respectively. The finite rate of population growth (λ) was more than 1.0 for both the species, which indicated an increasing population. The doubling time for P. ferrugineus and P. obesus was 60.18 days and 70.21 days, respectively. The analysis of age-specific life table indicated that egg and early larval stages at 1 to 45 days of age showed high age-specific mortality (qx) and the later larval stages, aged 90 to 120 days showed high mean expectancy of life (ex). The population survival curves for both the species were comparable, with a sharp decline in the survival rate for early stages, indicating these were the most vulnerable stages

Laboratory evaluation of pesticides on oviposition, egg mortality and feeding deterrence on cashew stem and root borer, Plocaederus ferrugenius L. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

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Diets of the Land-Based People in kalithogai

Food items that are essential for a person's basic survival are provided by nature. The fundamental necessities for a human being, such as food, clothing, and shelter, enable them to live without any food. However, it is a universal truth that without food, no one can survive. This fact is evident from the historical context, where ancient civilizations thrived based on the availability of food. Food, its name, and the types of food available in each region (Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal and Paalai), as well as their benefits for the human body, are essential aspects to be explored in this essa

A Novel Chimp Optimized Linear Kernel Regression (COLKR) Model for Call Drop Prediction in Mobile Networks

Call failure can be caused by a variety of factors, including inadequate cellular infrastructure, undesirable system structuring, busy mobile phone towers, changing between towers, and many more. Outdated equipment and networks worsen call failure, and installing more towers to improve coverage might harm the regional ecosystems. In the existing studies, a variety of machine learning algorithms are implemented for call drop prediction in the mobile networks. But it facing problems in terms of high error rate, low prediction accuracy, system complexity, and more training time. Therefore, the proposed work intends to develop a new and sophisticated framework, named as, Chimp Optimized Linear Kernel Regression (COLKR) for predicting call drops in the mobile networks. For the analysis, the Call Detail Record (CDR) has been collected and used in this framework. By preprocessing the attributes, the normalized dataset is constructed using the median regression-based filtering technique. To extract the most significant features for training the classifier with minimum processing complexity, a sophisticated Chimp Optimization Algorithm (COA) is applied. Then, a new machine learning model known as the Linear Kernel Regression Model (LKRM) has been deployed to predict call drops with greater accuracy and less error. For the performance assessment of COLKR, several machine learning classifiers are compared with the proposed model using a variety of measures. By using the proposed COLKR mechanism, the call drop detection accuracy is improved to 99.4%, and the error rate is reduced to 0.098%, which determines the efficiency and superiority of the proposed system

Comparative study of Placental Abnormalities in Normal and Specific High Risk Pregnancies by using Doppler, Histology and their Fetal Outcome

INTRODUCTION: Placenta is a vital lifeline between mother and fetus through which nutrients, oxygen, antibodies and hormones pass. Improper placentation and placental function could be potentially danger to the health of the mother and the fetus. High risk pregnancies are a small segment of the obstetric population, that produces the majority of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Upto 40% of high risk mothers experience placental damage. Placenta is one of the most remarkable organ in the sense that it has a very short life and yet very critical for continuation of the pregnancy and thus life of the baby in utero. For nine months it is effectively the lung, the gut and the kidney of the fetus. The term ‘Placenta’ is believed to have been introduced in 1559 by RAELDUS COLUMBUS who used this Latin work which actually means ‘Circular lake’. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To compare the placental abnormalities in normal and specific high risk pregnancies by using Doppler and Histology. 2. To study the possible, probable correlation with fetal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out at the Institute of social obstetrics and Govt. Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Triplicane, Chennai. Study Design: It is a prospective study of morphology and histology of placenta in randomly selected normal and specific high risk pregnancies and its correlation with fetal outcome. Period of Study: From May 2009 – October 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 500 pregnant women between 21-35 yrs of age between gestational age of > 36 wks, coming to antenatal OP at KGH are selected. Each women is analysed in detail with 1) Age, 2) Parity, 3) Associated Medical / Obstetric Complication, 4) Gestational Age. They are classified into 2 groups. Group I - Normal cases (270), Group II - Specific High risk cases (230). Preeclampsia – 80, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus – 80, IUGR – 70. History, Physical Examination, Obstetrical Examination, Basic investigations, Hb% , urine analysis, blood grouping typing, pertaining to individual patients are carried out. They are offered the following test. Uterine Artery Doppler Ultrasonogram: Following are mainly looked; 1) Systolic Diastolic Ratio, 2) Early Diastolic Notch, 3) Pulsatility Index, 4) Resistance Index. They are followed till delivery once in 2 weeks and at the time of delivery, placenta is studied both grossly and histologically after formalin fixation. Fetal outcomes in these cases are observed. Inclusion Criteria: For Normal Pregnancies: • Primigravida between the age of 21-35 yrs, > 36 weeks of gestation. • With singleton gestation • No associated medical / obstetric complication. For specific high risk pregnancies: • Primigravida between the age of 21-35 years, > 36 weeks of gestation, with singleton gestation with the following high risk factors. • Preeclampsia, mild, and severe. • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. • Intrauterine growth restriction. Exclusion Criteria: 1) Pregnant women 35 yrs. 2) Multiple pregnancy. 3) Anemia complicating pregnancy. 4) Placenta previa, Abruptio placenta. 5) HIV, HBSAg, Tuberculosis, syphilis complicating pregnancy. 6) Pregnant women other than primigravida. 7) Other known medical / obstetrical complication not mentioned in high risk Inclusion criteria. SUMMARY: This study is important by 3 factors; 1. Volume-500 cases of normal and high risk pregnancies. 2. Armamentarium – a tertiary hospital with hitech gadgets meeting all needs. 3. Variety – both morphological and histopathological study. Both positive and negative correlations are brought out. The positive correlations are for syncytial knot count, neutrophilic, infiltration, infarction, thickening of basement membrane, fibrinoid necrosis with fetal outcome. There is significant correlation between the presence of syncytial knot count with low APGAR and early neonatal death respectively, when the syncytial knot count is present in >60% of villi. There is significant correlation with infarction and low APGAR and early neonatal death.There is very significant correlation between fibrinoid necrosis and thickened basement membrane with low APGAR and early neonatal death. Finally there is significant correlation with neutrophilic infiltration with necrotizing features with low APGAR. There is significant correlation between fetal placental ratio and low APGAR and early neonatal death. p<0.01. These morphological and histological changes of placenta and its relation to fetal morbidity and mortality is more pronounced in high risk pregnancies. There is significant association between abnormal uterine artery waveforms and high risk pregnancies .There is significant correlation between Uterine artery Doppler early diastolic notch and low APGAR in preeclampsia. There is borderline association between Uterine artery Doppler, elevated systolic diastolic ratio and low APGAR in preeclampsia. There is significant association between abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms and stillbirth in preeclampsia. Gross features – there was no significant correlation with calcification, other morphological features such as both the type of placenta, septal cyst, true knot, , with fetal outcome.(P > 0.01) In our study only two cases had single umbilical artery, among which one died due to cardiac anomaly. Neonatal mortality was observed on the later part of 1st week of delivery in cases where we see such histomorphological changes of placenta. The morbidity and mortality can be reduced by initiating judicial better neonatal care and better antibiotic coverage once we see those histomorphological changes, not waiting for the baby to exhibit symptoms or signs. Hence the present study is important as on application, it can reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: This study is an endeavour to assess the possible probable link of morphological and histopathological changes in placenta and the fetal outcome. Many such studies pile up, days may not be for off when a definite link can be proved in a very positive way. This will help to save many babies. Through examination of the delivered placenta can provide a better picture of the intrauterine environment of the fetoplacental unit than a placental bed biopsy. The ability to routinely identify failure of uteroplacental vascular adaptation, fibrinoid necrosis, atherosis, persistence of endovascular trophoblasts, thrombosis and chronic vasculitis in the basal plate can clarify the nature and mechanisms involved in pregnancy compromise. Many studies are upcoming for placenta screening for high risk pregnancies by using a combination of ultrasound and blood tests to screen high risk pregnant mothers for placental damage. By completing these non invasive tests, most high risk mothers can be reassured that their placenta is formed and functioning properly, so they can expect a healthy pregnancy. This is an important first step in identifying placental abnormalities in early pregnancy, at a time when a number of interventions can be used to improve outcomes for those with the highest risk. This study will lead the way for future research in placenta screening and help us provide quality care for all mothers

Polypharmacy Treatment of Hypertensionin Public Health Centers

Background: Hypertension is one of the most prominent global diseases. Despite the availability of effective therapies, hypertension remains poorly controlled in Indonesia. In many cases, patient’s noncompliance may be attributable to the low patients’ knowledge, attitude, and life-style practices such as polypharmacy. Polypharmacy is defined as the administration of many drugs at in one prescription. Polypharmacy increases expenses, possible adverse reaction to a single agent, incidence of drug interactions, and decreases patient’s compliance This study aimed to identify the practice of polypharmacy in hypertension treatment in primary health centers.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on 60 patients from two primary health centers in Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia in October 2013. Sociodemographic profile, degree of hypertension, types of antihypertensive drugs, concomitant drugs given together with antihypertensive drugs, and treatment compliance data were collected and presented in tables and figures.Results: The incidence of hypertension was more common among male patients compared to female patients. Thirty-three patients (55%) have low compliance to their medication. Twenty-nine patients (48%) received single drug and 31 patients (52%) received more than one drugs.Conclusions: The percentage of polypharmacy practice in treating hypertension in primary health centers is 52%. The most frequently prescribed anti-hypertensive are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers (CCB). Most of hypertensive patients have low compliance to therapy. [AMJ.2016;3(4):633–9] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.95

Estimation of Soil Moisture for Different Crops Using SAR Polarimetric Data

Soil moisture is an essential factor that influences agricultural productivity and hydrological processes. Soil moisture estimation using field detection methods takes time and is challenging. However, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, soil moisture parameters become easier to detect. In microwave remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data helps to retrieve soil moisture from more considerable depths because of its high penetration capability and the illumination power of its light source. This study aims to process the SAR Sentinel-1A data and estimate soil moisture using the Water Cloud Model (WCM). Many physical and empirical models have been developed to determine soil moisture from microwave remote sensing platforms. However, the Water Cloud Model gives more accurate results. In this study, the WCM model is used for mixed crop types. The experimental soil moisture was determined from in-situ soil samples collected from various agricultural areas. The soil backscattering values corresponding to the different soil sampling locations were derived from Sentinel SAR data. Using linear regression analysis, the laboratory's soil moisture results and soil backscattering values were correlated to arrive at a model. The model was validated using a secondary set of in-situ moisture content values taken during the same period. The R2 and RMSE of the model were observed to be 0.825 and 0.0274, respectively, proving a strong correlation between the experimental soil moisture and satellite-derived soil moisture for mixed crop field types. This paper explains the methodology for arriving at a model for soil moisture estimation. This model helps to recommend suitable crop types in large, complex areas based on predicted moisture content. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-08 Full Text: PD

A PROFICIENT FILE LADDER ABE TECHNIQUE IN CLOUD SERVER

Within this essay, a skilled file pecking order attribute-based file encryption plan is recommended in cloud-computing. We caution the dress type of approach organization to clear up the effect of numerous stratified files discussing. We oversee and utensil full measure for FH-Club penguin-ABE plan. In Existing System cost and time for file encryption is high and Understanding technique some time and estimation cost are severely high. The dress contact networks are built-into just one contact network, hind and that, the stratified files are encrypted practicing the unified entry house. The resolve text components visit attributes mayhap communal by the agency of the files. Club penguin-ABE obtainable schemes that have wholly more ambidexterity and thus are more secure for universal applications. Multiple hierarchic files discussing are clear-up practicing blanket type of way organization. In advised technique both resolve text cache and time expense of file encryption are rescued. Within the direction of the files burgeoning, the benefits of our plan develop into more and more notable. Therefore, both count text cache and time output of file encryption is released. Furthermore, the advised plan is demonstrated to turn into settle lower the ideal assumption

Complete breakdown of the Debye model of rotational relaxation near the isotropic-nematic phase boundary: Effects of intermolecular correlations in orientational dynamics

The Debye-Stokes-Einstein (DSE) model of rotational diffusion predicts that the rotational correlation times $\tau_{l}$ vary as $[l(l+1)]^{-1}$, where $l$ is the rank of the orientational correlation function (given in terms of the Legendre polynomial of rank $l$). One often finds significant deviation from this prediction, in either direction. In supercooled molecular liquids where the ratio $\tau_{1}/\tau_{2}$ falls considerably below three (the Debye limit), one usually invokes a jump diffusion model to explain the approach of the ratio $\tau_{1}/\tau_{2}$ to unity. Here we show in a computer simulation study of a standard model system for thermotropic liquid crystals that this ratio becomes much less than unity as the isotropic-nematic phase boundary is approached from the isotropic side. Simultaneously, the ratio $\tau_2/\eta$ (where $\eta$ is the shear viscosity of the liquid) becomes {\it much larger} than hydrodynamic value near the I-N transition. We have also analyzed the break down of the Debye model of rotational diffusion in ratios of higher order rotational correlation times. We show that the break down of the DSE model is due to the growth of orientational pair correlation and provide a mode coupling theory analysis to explain the results.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review

A High-yielding Drought-tolerant Groundnut Variety Abhaya

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), an important oilseed and food crop of Andhra Pradesh, India is grown largely as a rainfed crop during the rainy season. Drought is the major abiotic stress affecting yield and quality of rainfed groundnut in the state. Yield losses due to drought are highly variable depending on its timing, intensity and duration coupled with other location specific environmental factors such as irradiance and temperature (Nigam et al. 2001). Thus the groundnut productivity in rainy season in the state ranges between 500 kg ha-1 and 1200 kg ha-1 (Reddy et al. 2003)