70,886 research outputs found
The Tolman-Bondi--Vaidya Spacetime: matching timelike dust to null dust
The Tolman-Bondi and Vaidya solutions are two solutions to Einstein equations
which describe dust particles and null fluid, respectively. We show that it is
possible to match the two solutions in one single spacetime, the
Tolman-Bondi--Vaidya spacetime. The new spacetime is divided by a null surface
with Tolman-Bondi dust on one side and Vaidya fluid on the other side. The
differentiability of the spacetime is discussed. By constructing a specific
solution, we show that the metric across the null surface can be at least
and the stress-energy tensor is continuous.Comment: 5 pages, no figur
Forward-backward asymmetry of photoemission in C excited by few-cycle laser pulses
We theoretically analyze angle-resolved photo-electron spectra (ARPES)
generated by the interaction of C with intense, short laser pulses. In
particular, we focus on the impact of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) onto the
angular distribution. The electronic dynamics is described by time-dependent
density functional theory, and the ionic background of \csixty is
approximated by a particularly designed jellium model. Our results show a clear
dependence of the angular distributions onto the CEP for very short pulses
covering only very few laser cycles, which disappears for longer pulses. For
the specific laser parameters used in a recent experiments, a very good
agreement is obtained. Furthermore, the asymmetry is found to depend on the
energy of the emitted photoelectrons. The strong influence of the angular
asymmetry of electron emission onto the CEP and pulse duration suggests to use
this sensitivity as a means to analyze the structure of few-cycle laser pulses.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Collapsing and static thin massive charged dust shells in a Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole background in higher dimensions
The problem of a spherically symmetric charged thin shell of dust collapsing
gravitationally into a charged Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole in spacetime
dimensions is studied within the theory of general relativity. Static charged
shells in such a background are also analyzed. First a derivation of the
equation of motion of such a shell in a -dimensional spacetime is given.
Then a proof of the cosmic censorship conjecture in a charged collapsing
framework is presented, and a useful constraint which leads to an upper bound
for the rest mass of a charged shell with an empty interior is derived. It is
also proved that a shell with total mass equal to charge, i.e., an extremal
shell, in an empty interior, can only stay in neutral equilibrium outside its
gravitational radius. This implies that it is not possible to generate a
regular extremal black hole by placing an extremal dust thin shell within its
own gravitational radius. Moreover, it is shown, for an empty interior, that
the rest mass of the shell is limited from above. Then several types of
behavior of oscillatory charged shells are studied. In the presence of a
horizon, it is shown that an oscillatory shell always enters the horizon and
reemerges in a new asymptotically flat region of the extended
Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime. On the other hand, for an overcharged interior,
i.e., a shell with no horizons, an example showing that the shell can achieve a
stable equilibrium position is presented. The results presented have
applications in brane scenarios with extra large dimensions, where the creation
of tiny higher dimensional charged black holes in current particle accelerators
might be a real possibility, and generalize to higher dimensions previous
calculations on the dynamics of charged shells in four dimensions.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figure
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