Preliminary monetary values for the reliability of travel times in freight transport

www.ejtir.tbm.tudelft.n

New SP-values of time and reliability for freight transport in the Netherlands

This paper discusses the methods used in a study on the values of time and reliability in freight transport in the Netherlands. SP surveys were carried out among more than 800 shippers and carriers. A novel feature is that both for the value of time and reliability two additive components are distinguished: a transport cost and a cargo component. Specific instructions were given to make sure that the carriers provide the former and shippers that contract out the latter component. The resulting values that will be used in CBA in The Netherlands are presented and compared against the international literature

The importance of agglomeration effects for distribution centres around Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is a main European airport and represents an important concentration of European distribution centres (EDCs). It is commonly assumed that distribution centres are attracted to the airport region because of its air transport services. However, if one considers economies of agglomeration, whereby the geographical clustering of economic activities can result in increasing returns, it is quite possible that a significant amount of EDCs have been established near Schiphol for non-airport related reasons. To this end, the present paper investigates agglomeration effects for distribution centres around Schiphol. It reports on two cross-sectional surveys: one of the EDCs around Schiphol and one of the total Dutch population of EDCs. The study finds that economies of agglomeration — and not the air transport services themselves — are in fact the most important location forces responsible for the attraction of EDCs into the Schiphol area. This result shows that Amsterdam-Schiphol is more than simply a transport hub. Correspondingly, the major role of agglomeration effects should be recognised in future policy to manage and control the economic development of the airport area

The dynamic spatial impact of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

This paper is about the agglomeration effect of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and its implications for location policy regarding the airport region. We focus on a specific case, namely the important concentration of European Distribution Centers (EDCs) around the airport. The traditional answer to the question why EDCs are attracted to the airport is due to the importance of having air transport services at their disposal. However, we show that this is only a partial answer and that economies of agglomeration are the most important determinants. Moreover, we show that the spatial economic development of the airport area needs to be accompanied by new insights concerning location policy

Measuring Generalised Transport Costs as an Indicator of Accessibility Changes over Time

Accessibility in transport policy documents is usually measured through partial indicators such as road speeds, traffic queues or train fares. In the literature, more advanced indicators are found, based on e.g. market potential or utility-based methods. This paper presents a generalised transport costs indicator for policy making which incorporates financial costs, travel times, and reliability of travel times. It calculates the average costs per kilometre of trips by transport mode, trip purpose, trip distance, region and time-of-day. A case study for the Netherlands shows that generalised transport costs by private car rose by 6% between 2000 and 2007. The main causes were increasing fuel costs and values-of-time. Average travel speed has increased despite more congestion on the trunk road network. Generalised costs of train trips have also risen by about 6%, because of an increase in train fare prices and the value-of-time. The time costs have, however, been reduced by improved reliability. Long-term scenarios without new policies also show an increase in generalised costs, both for cars and trains. The generalised transport costs indicator is not a panacea which can measure every aspect of accessibility, but it does represent an important step towards a more comprehensive approach to presenting accessibility changes for policy making