EICHHORNIA MEDIATED COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Objective: The present investigation determines the biological synthesis and characterization of Copper oxide nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Eichhornia crassipes and assessing its effects on antimicrobial activity against the pathogens.Methods: In this method Eichhornia mediated copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, FESEM and EDX and also antimicrobial activity was determined using the well diffusion method.Results: The antimicrobial activity of Eichhornia mediated copper oxide nanoparticles was tested against selective pathogens and maximum zone of inhibition was observed in S. aureus and A. flavus at 100 µg/ml concentration.Conclusion: The green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles have antimicrobial activity against selective microorganisms and it can be effectively used as a good antimicrobial agent.Â

SCREENING FOR PHYTOCHEMICALS AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF MYRISTICA DACTYLOIDS FRUIT EXTRACTS

Objective: The present investigation focus on screening of phytochemicals and FT-IR analysis of Myristica dactyloids fruit extracts. The fruit extracts were prepared using five different solvents.Methods: The phytochemical analysis and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis were performed using standard methods.Results: The results reveals that the alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, proteins, carbohydrates, cardio glycosides and saponins were present in methanolic extract when compared to other solvent extracts. FT-IR analysis shows the presence of different functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aromatics, alkanes, alcohols, phenols, aliphatic amines, alkenes and amine groups in the fruit extracts.Conclusion: The study concluded that the methanolic extract (M. dactyloides fruit) has potential bioactive compounds

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Root Extracts of Argemone mexicana Linn

Argemone mexicana is an indigenous plant often called prickly poppy. It is part of the Papaveraceae family. Argemone mexicana is recognized for its medicinal advantages within traditional medicine systems. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in researching the therapeutic properties of this plant, which is reported to exhibit antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. Furthermore, the plant has been documented for additional actions such as larvicidal effects, wound healing properties, cancer-related effects, antihelmintic actions, and neuropharmacological investigations. Given these medicinal attributes, this plant can be considered a significant resource of therapeutic compounds. Phytochemicals were also identified to clarify the potential reasons behind the pharmacological effects. Extracts from the leaves were analyzed for primary phytochemicals using established methods. From the current research, we conclude that the phytochemical analysis of the Argemone mexicana Linn root extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, sugars, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids, and tannins. Keywords: Argemone Mexicana, Traditional medicine, Phytochemicals, alkaloids and flavonoids

SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM STREPTOMYCES CAVOURESIS KUV39: EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY

Objective: To assess the antioxidant and anticancer activity of crude ethyl acetate extract from Streptomyces cavouresis KU-V39 isolated from vermicompost. Methods: To determine its antioxidant activity by total phenol and flavonoid content, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity and Ferrous reducing power assay. To determine in vitro cytotoxicity, various concentrations of extract was tested on HeLa cell line by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) have been carried out to investigate the bioactive compound of crude extract. Results: The Phenol and flavonoid content of crude extract was found to be 20.24 and 26.60 mg /g metabolite. Isolate KU-V39 exhibited H2O2 scavenging activity at IC50 value is 42.35 ± 0.75 μg/ml. The ferrous reducing power assay has higher absorbance value which indicates the high antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The analysis of FT-IR spectroscopy indicate presents of Phenol, carboxylic acid, alkanes, nitro and aliphatic amines functional groups. The GC – MS analysis revealed that presence of Pentanoic acid, L-Proline, Lysine, Erucic acid, isosteviol, Pentadecanoic acid, Phthalic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Octadecenoic acid, Dichloroacetic acid, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and Pyrrolo pyrazine derivative. Conclusion: This spectral study clearly proved that the vermicompost derived Streptomyces with extra cellular metabolism showed promising antioxidant and anticancer activity

Knowledge-based variable selection for learning rules from proteomic data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The incorporation of biological knowledge can enhance the analysis of biomedical data. We present a novel method that uses a proteomic knowledge base to enhance the performance of a rule-learning algorithm in identifying putative biomarkers of disease from high-dimensional proteomic mass spectral data. In particular, we use the Empirical Proteomics Ontology Knowledge Base (EPO-KB) that contains previously identified and validated proteomic biomarkers to select <it>m/z</it>s in a proteomic dataset prior to analysis to increase performance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We show that using EPO-KB as a pre-processing method, specifically selecting all biomarkers found only in the biofluid of the proteomic dataset, reduces the dimensionality by 95% and provides a statistically significantly greater increase in performance over no variable selection and random variable selection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Knowledge-based variable selection even with a sparsely-populated resource such as the EPO-KB increases overall performance of rule-learning for disease classification from high-dimensional proteomic mass spectra.</p

Indications and outcome of repeat penetrating keratoplasty in India

BACKGROUND: Repeat penetrating keratoplasty is quite often required as there is high chance of failure of the primary graft particularly in the developing world. We planned a study to analyze the indications and outcome of repeat penetrating keratoplasty in a tertiary care centre in India. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all the patients who underwent repeat penetrating keratoplasty, between January 1999 and December 2001 was performed. The parameters evaluated were indication for the primary penetrating keratoplasty, causes of failure of the previous graft, and final visual outcome and clarity of the repeat corneal grafts. RESULTS: Of fifty-three eyes of 50 patients with repeat penetrating keratoplasty (three patients underwent bilateral corneal regrafts), 37 eyes had undergone one regraft each, 14 eyes two regrafts and two eyes had three regrafts. The follow-up of the patients ranged from one to three years. The most common primary etiologic diagnosis was vascularized corneal scars (66%), of which the scars related to infection were most common (68.5%). Twenty-eight regrafts (52.8%) remained clear at a mean follow-up of 1.54 ± 0.68 years, of which 25 were single regrafts (89.3%). The commonest cause of failure of regraft was infection to the corneal graft (recurrence of herpetic infection in 9 eyes and perforated graft ulcers in 3 eyes). Three (18.6%) of the 16 eyes with multiple corneal regrafts achieved a BCVA of 6/60. Overall, only five eyes (all with single regraft) achieved a BCVA of 6/18 or better at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Graft infection is the leading cause of failure of repeat keratoplasty in this part of the world. Prognosis for visual recovery and graft survival is worse in eyes undergoing multiple regrafts

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATE PREPARED FROM CHITOSANASE ENZYME OF MARINE ISOLATES

Objective: The present study was carried out to develop an enzymatic hydrolysate with unique biological properties targeting diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Chitosanase-producing organisms were isolated and used to create chitooligosaccharide hydrolysate. Various techniques, such as FTIR, NMR, and X-ray diffraction, were used. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined through the Chitooligosaccharide-Broth Dilution Method. Results: The study identified marine mud samples and isolated S9, S15, and SF12 as significant sources of chitosanase production. The partially purified chitosanolytic enzymes produced by these isolates were hydrolyzed in a 1% chitosan solution at 180 °C, revealing more prominent antimicrobial activity. The Chitooligosaccharide Hydrolysate (COS) preparation was fixed at 45 °C, pH 5.5, for 180 min. The chitosanase enzyme was soluble in four solvents and insoluble in ethanol, acetone, and diethyl ether. All COS hydrolysates prepared showed antimicrobial activity against foot ulcer pathogens, Pseudomonas sp., and Candida albicans. S9 COS showed higher activity than SF12 hydrolysates against foot ulcer pathogens. The COS hydrolysate showed significantly stronger antimicrobial activities than chitosan and chitosanase. Conclusion: The present study concludes that COS hydrolysate and its biological functions are applicable for diabetic foot ulcer treatment. Further investigation into the efficacy of COS against diverse infectious pathogens is needed