1,148 research outputs found
Cycles in the chamber homology of GL(3)
Let F be a nonarchimedean local field and let GL(N) = GL(N,F). We prove the
existence of parahoric types for GL(N). We construct representative cycles in
all the homology classes of the chamber homology of GL(3).Comment: 45 pages. v3: minor correction
Left handed DNA in synthetic and topologically constrained form V DNA and its implications in protein recognition
We have investigated structural transitions in Poly(dG-dC) and Poly(dG-Me5dC) in order to understand the exact role of cations in stabilizing left-handed helical structures in specific sequences and the biological role, if any, of these structures. From a novel temperature dependent Z⇌B transition it has been shown that a minor fluctuation in Na+ concentration at ambient temperature can bring about B to Z transition. For the first time, we have observed a novel Z⇌B⇌Zuble transition in poly(dG-Me5dC) as the Na+ concentration is gradually increased. This suggests that a minor fluctuation in Na+ concentration in conjunction with methylation may transform small stretches of CG sequences from one conformational state to another. These stretches could probably serve as sites for regulation. Supercoiled form V DNA reconstituted from pBR322 and pβG plasmids have been studied as model systems, in order to understand the nature and role of left-handed helical conformation in natural sequences. A large portion of DNA in form V, obtained by reannealing the two complementary singlestranded circles is forced to adopt left-handed double helical structure due to topological constraints (Lk=0). Binding studies with Z-DNA specific antibody and spectroscopic studies confirm the presence of left-handed Z-structure in the pβG and pβR322 form V DNA. Cobalt hexamine chloride, which induces Z-form in Poly(dG-dC) stabilizes the Z-conformation in form V DNA even in the non-alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences. A reverse effect is observed with ethidium bromide. Interestingly, both topoisomerase I and II (from wheat germ) act effectively on form V DNA to give rise to a species having an electrophoretic mobility on agarose gel similar to that of open circular (form II) DNA. Whether this molecule is formed as a result of the left-handed helical segments of form V DNA undergoing a transition to the right-handed B-form during the topoisomerase action remains to be solved
Lorentz-breaking effects in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
In this work, we study the effects of breaking Lorentz symmetry in
scalar-tensor theories of gravity taking torsion into account. We show that a
space-time with torsion interacting with a Maxwell field by means of a
Chern-Simons-like term is able to explain the optical activity in syncrotron
radiation emitted by cosmological distant radio sources. Without specifying the
source of the dilaton-gravity, we study the dilaton-solution. We analyse the
physical implications of this result in the Jordan-Fierz frame. We also analyse
the effects of the Lorentz breaking in the cosmic string formation process. We
obtain the solution corresponding to a cosmic string in the presence of torsion
by keeping track of the effects of the Chern-Simons coupling and calculate the
charge induced on this cosmic string in this framework. We also show that the
resulting charged cosmic string gives us important effects concerning the
background radiation.The optical activity in this case is also worked out and
discussed.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, ReVTex forma
Membrane paradigm realized?
Are there any degrees of freedom on the black hole horizon? Using the
`membrane paradigm' we can reproduce coarse-grained physics outside the hole by
assuming a fictitious membrane just outside the horizon. But to solve the
information puzzle we need `real' degrees of freedom at the horizon, which can
modify Hawking's evolution of quantum modes. We argue that recent results on
gravitational microstates imply a set of real degrees of freedom just outside
the horizon; the state of the hole is a linear combination of rapidly
oscillating gravitational solutions with support concentrated just outside the
horizon radius. The collective behavior of these microstate solutions may give
a realization of the membrane paradigm, with the fictitious membrane now
replaced by real, explicit degrees of freedom.Comment: 8 pages, Latex, 3 figures (Essay given second place in Gravity
Research Foundation essay competition 2010
The quantum structure of black holes
We give an elementary review of black holes in string theory. We discuss
black hole entropy from string microstates and Hawking radiation from these
states. We then review the structure of 2-charge microstates, and explore how
`fractionation' can lead to quantum effects over macroscopic length scales of
order the horizon radius.Comment: Review article, 58 pages, 2 figures; references added, note about
topics covere
Radiation from the non-extremal fuzzball
The fuzzball proposal says that the information of the black hole state is
distributed throughout the interior of the horizon in a `quantum fuzz'. There
are special microstates where in the dual CFT we have `many excitations in the
same state'; these are described by regular classical geometries without
horizons. Jejjala et.al constructed non-extremal regular geometries of this
type. Cardoso et. al then found that these geometries had a classical
instability. In this paper we show that the energy radiated through the
unstable modes is exactly the Hawking radiation for these microstates. We do
this by (i) starting with the semiclassical Hawking radiation rate (ii) using
it to find the emission vertex in the CFT (iii) replacing the Boltzman
distributions of the generic CFT state with the ones describing the microstate
of interest (iv) observing that the emission now reproduces the classical
instability. Because the CFT has `many excitations in the same state' we get
the physics of a Bose-Einstein condensate rather than a thermal gas, and the
usually slow Hawking emission increases, by Bose enhancement, to a classically
radiated field. This system therefore provides a complete gravity description
of information-carrying radiation from a special microstate of the nonextremal
hole.Comment: corrected typo
Evaporating Black Holes and Entropy
We study the Hawking radiation for the geometry of an evaporating 1+1
dimensional black hole. We compute Bogoliubov coefficients and the stress
tensor. We use a recent result of Srednicki to estimate the entropy of
entanglement produced in the evaporation process, for the 1+1 dimensional hole
and for the 3+1 dimensional hole. It is found that the one space dimensional
result of Srednicki is the pertinent one to use, in both cases.Comment: 29 pages, one figure (available from authors), Latex. (Mailer errors
removed.
The information paradox: A pedagogical introduction
The black hole information paradox is a very poorly understood problem. It is
often believed that Hawking's argument is not precisely formulated, and a more
careful accounting of naturally occurring quantum corrections will allow the
radiation process to become unitary. We show that such is not the case, by
proving that small corrections to the leading order Hawking computation cannot
remove the entanglement between the radiation and the hole. We formulate
Hawking's argument as a `theorem': assuming `traditional' physics at the
horizon and usual assumptions of locality we will be forced into mixed states
or remnants. We also argue that one cannot explain away the problem by invoking
AdS/CFT duality. We conclude with recent results on the quantum physics of
black holes which show the the interior of black holes have a `fuzzball'
structure. This nontrivial structure of microstates resolves the information
paradox, and gives a qualitative picture of how classical intuition can break
down in black hole physics.Comment: 38 pages, 7 figures, Latex (Expanded form of lectures given at CERN
for the RTN Winter School, Feb 09), typo correcte
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