317 research outputs found
Implementation of Heart Rate Measurement Device
A prominent position is held by the biomedical instrumentation within medicine. Heart rate varies when necessity of body to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes while doing exercise or sleep. The diagnosis and tracking of medical conditions can be achieved by measuring heart rate. The heart rate measurement device can be used anywhere to measure the heart rate of a person. The approach to design a cheap and reliable device is demonstrated by this paper. In this paper we learn that heart rate signal can be found using fingertip sensor. Signal is amplified with the help of amplifier because signal is having low amplitude. Counter counts the amplified signal. RF transmitter transmits the signal. RF receiver receives the signal and then16X2 LCD display will show the heart rate of the person
Selective Principal Component Extraction and Reconstruction: A Novel Method for Ground Based Exoplanet Spectroscopy
Context: Infrared spectroscopy of primary and secondary eclipse events probes
the composition of exoplanet atmospheres and, using space telescopes, has
detected H2O, CH4 and CO2 in three hot Jupiters. However, the available data
from space telescopes has limited spectral resolution and does not cover the
2.4 - 5.2 micron spectral region. While large ground based telescopes have the
potential to obtain molecular-abundance-grade spectra for many exoplanets,
realizing this potential requires retrieving the astrophysical signal in the
presence of large Earth-atmospheric and instrument systematic errors. Aims:
Here we report a wavelet-assisted, selective principal component extraction
method for ground based retrieval of the dayside spectrum of HD 189733b from
data containing systematic errors. Methods: The method uses singular value
decomposition and extracts those critical points of the Rayleigh quotient which
correspond to the planet induced signal. The method does not require prior
knowledge of the planet spectrum or the physical mechanisms causing systematic
errors. Results: The spectrum obtained with our method is in excellent
agreement with space based measurements made with HST and Spitzer (Swain et al.
2009b; Charbonneau et al. 2008) and confirms the recent ground based
measurements (Swain et al. 2010) including the strong 3.3 micron emission.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; excepted for publication by A&
Stellar Dynamics and the implications on the merger evolution in NGC6240
We report near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the luminous merging
galaxy NGC 6240. Stellar velocities show that the two K-band peaks separated by
1.6arcsec are the central parts of inclined, rotating disk galaxies with equal
mass bulges. The dynamical masses of the nuclei are much larger than the
stellar mass derived from the K-band light, implying that the progenitor
galaxies were galaxies with massive bulges. The K-band light is dominated by
red supergiants formed in the two nuclei in starbursts, triggered ~2x10^7 years
ago, possibly by the most recent perigalactic approach. Strong feedback effects
of a superwind and supernovae are responsible for a short duration burst
(~5x10^6 years) which is already decaying. The two galaxies form a
prograde-retrograde rotating system and from the stellar velocity field it
seems that one of the two interacting galaxies is subject to a prograde
encounter. Between the stellar nuclei is a prominent peak of molecular gas
(H_2, CO). The stellar velocity dispersion peaks there indicating that the gas
has formed a local, self-gravitating concentration decoupled from the stellar
gravitational potential. NGC 6240 has previously been reported to fit the
paradigm of an elliptical galaxy formed through the merger of two galaxies.
This was based on the near-infrared light distribution which follows a
r^1/4-law. Our data cast strong doubt on this conclusion: the system is by far
not relaxed, rotation plays an important role, as does self-gravitating gas,
and the near-infrared light is dominated by young stars.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, using AASTEX 5.0rc3.1, paper submitted to the
Astrophysical Journal, revised versio
Systems and Methods for Gravity-Independent Gripping and Drilling
Systems and methods for gravity independent gripping and drilling are described. The gripping device can also comprise a drill or sampling devices for drilling and/or sampling in microgravity environments, or on vertical or inverted surfaces in environments where gravity is present. A robotic system can be connected with the gripping and drilling devices via an ankle interface adapted to distribute the forces realized from the robotic system
Implementation of Heart Rate Measurement Device using Wireless System
This paper describes an approach to design a cheap, accurate and reliable device which can easily measure the heart rate of a human body. In this project heart rate signal can be found using the fingertip sensor .After getting the signal, it is amplified, because the signal amplitude is very low. This is done using amplifier circuit. Then the amplified signal is counted by the counter using microcontroller. Finally, the signal is transmitted by the RF transmitter. After transmitting the heart beat signal, it is received by the RF receiver. Then this signal will be displayed on 16 X 2 LCD
On an Information and Control Architecture for Future Electric Energy Systems
This paper presents considerations towards an information and control
architecture for future electric energy systems driven by massive changes
resulting from the societal goals of decarbonization and electrification. This
paper describes the new requirements and challenges of an extended information
and control architecture that need to be addressed for continued reliable
delivery of electricity. It identifies several new actionable information and
control loops, along with their spatial and temporal scales of operation, which
can together meet the needs of future grids and enable deep decarbonization of
the electricity sector. The present architecture of electric power grids
designed in a different era is thereby extensible to allow the incorporation of
increased renewables and other emerging electric loads.Comment: This paper is accepted, to appear in the Proceedings of the IEE
Young Clusters in the Nuclear Starburst of M 83
We present a photometric catalog of 45 massive star clusters in the nuclear
starburst of M 83 (NGC 5236), observed with the Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2,
in both broad-band (F300W, F547M, and F814W) and narrow-band (F656N and F487N)
filters. By comparing the photometry to theoretical population synthesis
models, we estimate the age and mass of each cluster. We find that over 75% of
the star clusters more massive than 2*10^4 Msun in the central 300 pc of M 83
are less than 10 Myr old. Among the clusters younger than 10 Myr and more
massive than 5*10^3 Msun, 70% are between 5 and 7 Myr old. We list an
additional 330 clusters that are detected in our F300W images, but not in the
shallower F547M and F814W images. The clusters are distributed throughout a
semicircular annulus that identifies the active region in the galaxy core,
between 50 and 130 pc from the optical center of M 83. Clusters younger than 5
Myr are preferentially found along the perimeter of the semicircular annulus.
We suggest that the 5-7 Myr population has evacuated much of the interstellar
material from the active ringlet region, and that star formation is continuing
along the edges of the region.Comment: 40 pages, 13 figures, accepted to ApJ
The Evolution of Damped Lyman-alpha Absorbers: Metallicities and Star Formation Rates
The damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) and sub-DLA quasar absorption lines provide
powerful probes of the evolution of metals, gas, and stars in galaxies. One
major obstacle in trying to understand the evolution of DLAs and sub-DLAs has
been the small number of metallicity measurements at z < 1.5, an epoch spanning
\~70 % of the cosmic history. In recent surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope
and Multiple Mirror Telescope, we have doubled the DLA Zn sample at z < 1.5.
Combining our results with those at higher redshifts from the literature, we
find that the global mean metallicity of DLAs does not rise to the solar value
at low redshifts. These surprising results appear to contradict the near-solar
mean metallicity observed for nearby (z ~ 0) galaxies and the predictions of
cosmic chemical evolution models based on the global star formation history.
Finally, we discuss direct constraints on the star formation rates (SFRs) in
the absorber galaxies from our deep Fabry-Perot Ly-alpha imaging study and
other emission-line studies in the literature. A large fraction of the observed
heavy-element quasar absorbers at 0 < z < 3.4 appear to have SFRs substantially
below the global mean SFR, consistent with the low metallicities observed in
the spectroscopic studies.Comment: 6 pages,3 figures, To appear in "Probing Galaxies through Quasar
Absorption Lines", Proceedings IAU Colloquium 199, 2005, Eds. P. R. Williams,
C. Shu, and B. Menar
K-band Spectroscopy of Clusters in NGC 4038/4039
Integral field spectroscopy in the K-band (1.9-2.4um) was performed on four
IR-bright star clusters and the two nuclei in NGC 4038/4039 (``The Antennae'').
Two of the clusters are located in the overlap region of the two galaxies, and
together comprise ~25% of the total 15um and ~10% of the total 4.8 GHz emission
from this pair of merging galaxies. The other two clusters, each of them
spatially resolved into two components, are located in the northern galaxy, one
in the western and one in the eastern loop of blue clusters. Comparing our
analysis of Brgamma, CO band-heads, He I (2.058um), Halpha (from archival HST
data), and V-K colors with stellar population synthesis models indicates that
the clusters are extincted (A_V ~ 0.7 - 4.3 mags) and young, displaying a
significant age spread (4-13 Myrs). The starbursts in the nuclei are much older
(65 Myrs), with the nucleus of NGC 4038 displaying a region of recent star
formation northward of its K-band peak. Using our derived age estimates and
assuming the parameters of the IMF (Salpeter slope, upper mass cut-off of 100
M_sun, Miller-Scalo between 1 M_sun and 0.1 M_sun), we find that the clusters
have masses between 0.5 and 5 * 10^6M_sun.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, ApJ accepte
- …