On the measurement of running style On the measurement of running style

The measurement of running style must be ecologically valid. The individual running style has an impact on the running performance as well as the running injury risk. In order to increase the performance and lower the injury risk, runners should be educated towards a healthy running style. But before advice can be made it is crucial to distinguish running styles from each other. Thus, it is interesting to detect and optimize the running style of individuals. The goal is to evaluate the possibility for a running style app using accelerometry data, which is able to track and display the user's current running style by using accelerometry data, based on which advice can be given for a healthy and efficient running style with the help of gaming tools (meta product). To validate the approach, a gold standard with outdoor running acceleration data has to be created. PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.496v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access

Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: The first Multicentre Study in Germany

The goals of this study were to describe demographic variables, drinking history, and the B-month prevalence of Axis I comorbidity among alcohol-dependent subjects in Germany. The variables: amount of alcohol consumption, age at onset of the first alcohol consumed, age at onset of daily alcohol consumption, age at onset of withdrawal symptoms and number of detoxifications were related to the different comorbid disorders and gender. In this study, 556 patients from 25 alcohol treatment centres were enrolled between 1 January 1999 and 30 April 1999. After a minimum of 10 days of sobriety patients who fulfilled ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria of alcohol dependence were interviewed for data collection using the Mini-DIPS (German version of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule) and a standardized psychosocial interview. The 6-month prevalence of comorbid Axis I disorders was 53.1%. Among the patients with comorbidity, affective and anxiety disorders were most frequent. Comorbid stress disorder was associated with an early start of drinking, an early beginning of withdrawal symptoms, highest number of detoxifications, and the highest amount of alcohol consumed. Female patients with anxiety disorder consumed more alcohol and started earlier than females without this comorbid disorder. The data do not answer the question of the pathogenesis of comorbid disorders and alcoholism, but indicate that stress disorders in alcoholic patients and anxiety disorders in female alcoholics influence the course and severity of alcoholism