Occurrence of Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844) and Oratosquillina gravieri (Manning, 1978) from the trawl bycatches of Nagapattinam region, Tamil Nadu

1029-1036Six species of mantis shrimps were recorded in the trawl catches of Nagapattinam region during January – December, 2018. The occurrence of two species namely Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844) and Oratosquillina gravieri (Manning, 1978) were reported for the first time in the trawl bycatches of Nagapattinam region. The morphometrics of these two species is reported in this paper. Presence of inferodistal spine in the merus of the raptorial claw, rostral plate short and trapezoid to square in shape, 5th abdominal segment without submedian patch, 4th abdominal segment submedian carinae unarmed in Oratosquilla oratoria and rostral plate elongate and rectangle, lateral process of 6th thoracic somite with slender, triangular anterior lobe and dactylus of the raptorial claw with 6 teeth in Oratosquillina gravieri are chief characters to differentiate from other species

Occurrence of Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844) and Oratosquillina gravieri (Manning, 1978) from the trawl bycatches of Nagapattinam region, Tamil Nadu

Six species of mantis shrimps were recorded in the trawl catches of Nagapattinam region during January – December, 2018. The occurrence of two species namely Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844) and Oratosquillina gravieri (Manning, 1978) were reported for the first time in the trawl bycatches of Nagapattinam region. The morphometrics of these two species is reported in this paper. Presence of inferodistal spine in the merus of the raptorial claw, rostral plate short and trapezoid to square in shape, 5th abdominal segment without submedian patch, 4th abdominal segment submedian carinae unarmed in Oratosquilla oratoria and rostral plate elongate and rectangle, lateral process of 6th thoracic somite with slender, triangular anterior lobe and dactylus of the raptorial claw with 6 teeth in Oratosquillina gravieri are chief characters to differentiate from other species

Chitosan complements entrapment of silicon inside nitrogen doped carbon to improve and stabilize the capacity of Li-ion batteries

Abstract A facile strategy to entrap milled silicon (m-Si) particles using nitrogen-doped-carbon (N-C@m-Si) to overcome the dramatic volume changes in Si during intercalation of lithium ions and to improve its electronic conductivity is reported here. The only natural nitrogen containing biomaterial alkaline polysaccharide, i.e., chitosan, is used as the carbon source. Simple hydrothermal technique followed by a subsequent carbonization process is used to synthesize N-C and N-C@m-Si particles. N-C@m-Si exhibited significantly improved electrochemical performance as compared to bare m-Si, which is confirmed by the obtained discharge capacity of 942.4 mAh g−1 and columbic efficiency of 97% after 50 cycles at 0.1C rate. With regard to the N-C electrodes, the obtained discharge capacity of 485.34 mAh g−1 and columbic efficiency of 99.78%, after 50 cycles at 0.1C rate is superior to the commercial graphite electrodes. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that formed over m-Si and N-C@m-Si electrodes is characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared to the SEI layer that formed over m-Si electrode after 10 charge-discharge cycles, the N-C@m-Si electrode had a stable lithium fluoride and carbonate species. Brief reaction mechanisms, representing the formation of different species in the SEI layer, is derived to explain its behavior during the electrochemical processes

Cough and its importance in COPD

Patients with COPD most frequently complain of breathlessness and cough and these are both increased during exacerbations. Studies have generally focused on quality of life during end-stage disease, where breathlessness becomes dominant and cough less important. There are very little data on the frequency and severity of cough in COPD or its impact on quality of life at different stages of disease. Little is known about the factors that influence objective cough counts in COPD. Cough may be a marker for progressive disease in milder COPD patients who continue to smoke, and it may be useful in case-finding for milder disease in the community. The cough reflex sensitivity is heightened in COPD compared with healthy volunteers and similar to that in subjects with asthma. The degree of airflow obstruction does not predict cough reflex sensitivity or objective cough counts, implying an independent process. Effective treatments for cough in COPD have not yet been identified. Improved outcome measures of cough, a better understanding of cough in the natural history of COPD, and its importance to patients are needed

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Transfer of exogenous glycosylphos-phatidylinositol (GPI)-linked molecules to plasma membranes

Purified GPI-linked molecules incorporate spontaneously in vitro into mammalian cell plasma membranes. Recent evidence suggests that the transferred molecules insert stably into the external leaflet of the acceptor cell plasma membrane through their acyl chains and behave subsequently in a way similar to endogenous GPI-linked molecules. Transfer of GPI-linked proteins between cells has also been documented in vivo and may explain the uptake by host cells o f pathogen-derived virulence factors carrying a GPI anchor. In this comment article, Subburaj Ilangumaran, Peter Robinson and Daniel Hoessli review what is known about GPI transfer and discuss the use of GPI transfer for transient cell-surface expression of foreign proteins

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Not AvailableThe present study was undertaken to investigate the acute toxicity of two heavy metals cadmium and mercury in the juve niles of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) which is considered as an important candidate fish species for brackishwater and freshwater aquaculture. Experiments for the bioassay were performed in static bioassay test condition according to the standard guidelines. The experiment was carried out in the FRP tanks under laboratory condition. The behavioral changes in the fish were observed for all test concentrations of both cadmium and mercury. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated for 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h by probit analysis. The LC50 values for 96h and 95% confidence intervals for the juveniles of seabass L. calcarifer showed 6.08 ppm for cadmium and 1.03 ppm for mercury. Furthermore, the ex posed specimens showed dose and duration dependent, abnormal behavior and hyperactivity. Mercury indicated more toxic than cadmium for seabass Lates calcariferNot Availabl