In vivo quantification of localized neuronal activation and inhibition in the rat brain using a dedicated high temporal-resolution β(+)-sensitive microprobe

Understanding brain disorders, the neural processes implicated in cognitive functions and their alterations in neurodegenerative pathologies, or testing new therapies for these diseases would benefit greatly from combined use of an increasing number of rodent models and neuroimaging methods specifically adapted to the rodent brain. Besides magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and functional MR, positron-emission tomography (PET) remains a unique methodology to study in vivo brain processes. However, current high spatial-resolution tomographs suffer from several technical limitations such as high cost, low sensitivity, and the need of restraining the animal during image acquisition. We have developed a β(+)-sensitive high temporal-resolution system that overcomes these problems and allows the in vivo quantification of cerebral biochemical processes in rodents. This β-MICROPROBE is an in situ technique involving the insertion of a fine probe into brain tissue in a way very similar to that used for microdialysis and cell electrode recordings. In this respect, it provides information on molecular interactions and pathways, which is complementary to that produced by these technologies as well as other modalities such as MR or fluorescence imaging. This study describes two experiments that provide a proof of concept to substantiate the potential of this technique and demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying brain activation or metabolic depression in individual living rats with 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose and standard compartmental modeling techniques. Furthermore, it was possible to identify correctly the origin of variations in glucose consumption at the hexokinase level, which demonstrate the strength of the method and its adequacy for in vivo quantitative metabolic studies in small animals

The Importance of Intellectual Capital for Firm Performance: Evidence from Australia

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and firm performance (FP) through system generalized methods of moments, when previous studies produced divergent results based on static OLS or fixed-effects estimations. Based on 571 listed firms in Australia for the period of 2005–2014 (5518 firm-years) this study reveals that IC efficiency is positively significant with ROA and ROE – which endorses resource-based theory. Further analysis shows that human capital, structural capital and physical capital are also significant and confidently endorse resource-dependency and organisation-learning theories. The findings of this study are vital for stakeholders such as management, shareholders and potential investors to understand the role of IC for FP. Moreover, the findings are particularly important for policy-setters to highlight the importance of IC and develop a systematic framework for IC disclosure. This study also opens new avenues for future research to consider the dynamic nature of the IC–FP relationship and account for endogeneity

Anastomotic leak after manual circular stapled left-sided bowel surgery: analysis of technology-, disease-, and patient-related factors /

Anastomotic leak rates after colorectal surgery remain high. In most left-sided colon and rectal resection surgeries, a circular stapler is utilized to create the primary bowel anastomosis. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship between circular stapler technology and anastomotic leak in left-sided colorectal surgery exists