A heuristic algorithm for the inner-city multi-drop container loading problem

Economic globalization, increasing fuel cost, and environmental problems provide a strong stimulation for inner-city container carriers to utilize container space more efficiently in transporting goods for multiple clients during a single round trip. A wall-building heuristic algorithm based on the binary tree data structure is proposed to solve the container loading problem with multi-drop constraints. A dynamic space decomposition approach, together with a repacking and space amalgamation strategy, permits an efficient and effective loading plan to pack containers, illustrated by numerical experiments

Plant essential oils and formamidines as insecticides/acaricides: what are the molecular targets?

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is the main cause of the severe reduction in beekeeping during the last few decades. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop chemical treatments against the parasite. In the past, synthetic products were preferentially used to combat Varroa mites. Nowadays, mainly plant essential oils and organic acids are applied because they are safer and impose less unfavorable effects on the environment. Essential oils contain mixtures of mostly volatile and odorous terpenoid constituents. The molecular targets of these substances are tyramine and/or octopamine receptors that control and modulate vital functions ranging from metabolism to behavior. Disturbing the native function of these receptors in the mite results in deleterious effects in this parasite. This overview considers not only tyramine and octopamine receptors but also other potential targets of essential oils including ionotropic GABA(A) receptors, TRP type ion channels, and acetylcholinesterase