Growth Performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post Larvae Fed with Vegetable Wastes and Palmolein Supplemented Formulated Feeds

The possibility for utilizing massively-available vegetable wastes as one of the feed ingredients for better growth and survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was checked as these wastes are good sources for antioxidants and other nutrients. Vegetable waste powder (VWP) was prepared from dried potato peel, cabbage thick outer greens, peel of carrot, beetroot and cauliflower.  Basal ingredients (BI), such as coconut oilcake, groundnut oilcake and soybean meal (as protein sources), and rice bran and wheat bran (as carbohydrate sources) were powdered separately and taken in equal proportion. The VWP was incorporated with BI in different ratios (5%, 15% and 25%). Egg albumin and tapioca flour were used as binders. Vitamin B-complex was also mixed. The diet also contained Cod liver oil and palmolein in equal proportion as lipid sources. Palmolein, low cost oil was used to replace the high cost fish oil partially. A pinch of table salt was also added. These were subjected to pellet preparation. Feed without addition of VWP was served as control. Feeding trials were conducted for a period of 60 days on M. rosenbergii post larvae (PL). Significant increases in weight gain (WG),

Growth Performance of the Monsoon River Prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii on Formulated Feeds with Combinations of Pulses and Cereals along with Groundnut Oilcake and Soya Meal

This study was conducted to categorize the growth performance of feeds formulated with combinations of pulses and cereals (horse gram and ragi, green gram and pearl millet, and cow gram and wheat) along with groundnut oilcake and soya meal on the post larvae (PL) of the monsoon river prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. This is to promote the inland aquaculture of this economically important species. Two types of feeds with different proportions of pulse and cereal (type-A: 25% pulse + 25% cereal; type-B: 40% pulse + 10% cereal) were prepared in each combination along with equal proportion of groundnut oil cake and soya meal (20% each). Tapioca flour (5%) and egg albumin (4%) were used as binding agents. Vitamin B-complex (1%) was also mixed. These feeds were fed to M. malcolmsonii PL for a period of 45 days. The efficacy of these feeds on growth performance and biochemical constituents were assessed. Commercially available standard Scampi feed was served as control. The overall influence of these feeds on growth, and concentrations of total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid of PL were found to be the best in scampi feed followed by the feed rich in pulse (type-B) and the feed with equal proportion of pulses and cereals (type-A). Among three combinations of pulses and cereals were tested, the feed formulated with cow gram and wheat showed the best overall performance, followed by green gram and pearl millet, and horse gram and ragi.  All the results were confirmed through paired sample t-test, DMRT, and two-way ANOVA. The survival rate was found to be better in formulated feeds fed PL when compared with control. It is assumed that the additive/ preservative added in the commercially available scampi feed may be the reason for the lower survival rate recorded. Moreover, the commercially available scampi feed is not always affordable to small farmers. Therefore, the farm made feeds with locally available commodities of pulses and cereals can be prepared and used in a sustainable manner for healthy promotion of Macrobrachium culture

Influence of combined probiotics Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis on survival, growth, biochemical changes and energy utilization performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) post larvae

A 90-day feeding experiment was studied to determine the influence of the bacterial combination Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis (LS+BS) on survival, growth, biochemical constituents and energy utilization performance of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). Experimental diets were the same, except for the variation in probiotic levels. The probiotics LS+BS (4:3) were used at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% inclusion rates in the experimental diets. After the feeding trail, the growth parameters of the PLs, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet as compared with control. The food conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. The biochemical composition of the total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid ash content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. However, insignificant difference was recorded in moisture content between control and experimental groups. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet fed PL.  These results revealed the benefits of the incorporation of the probiotic (LS+BS) in aqua feed for M. rosenbergii PL.&nbsp

Efficacy of Cereals and Pulses as Feeds for the Post-larvae of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii ï€

Two types of feeds were prepared using cereals (maize, bajra and Italian millet) and pulses (green gram, red gram and cow gram) respectively and fed to the post larvae of M. rosenbergii for a period of 60 days. The efficacy of these feeds on growth performance, biochemical constituents and energy utilization were assessed and compared with commercially available standard Scampi feed. Statistically insignificant differences were seen in weight gain, specific growth rate and conversion rate between control and experiments, and between experiments. However, significant differences (

Post-supplementation nutrient profiles of proteins, amino acids and DNA in Macrobrachium rosenbergii PL-15

Abstract Background The study was indented to obtain a protein profile pattern using SDS-PAGE, an amino acid profile pattern using high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and a DNA profile pattern using agarose gel electrophoresis in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (post larva (PL)-15) after oral supplementation with three herbs, namely, Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, and Zingiber officinale. Each herb was individually supplemented along with a basal feed mix at 1%, 3%, and 5% for 90 days to the corresponding experimental groups. Control groups were offered only the basal feed mix (0% supplementation). Proteins were extracted and electrophoresed. Amino acids were extracted and chromatographed. DNA was isolated and electrophoresed. Results The study revealed the superlative performance of Z. officinale, which when supplemented at the 5% level, promoted synthesis of 66-kDa, 41-kDa, 15-kDa, and 13-kDa proteins; synthesis of certain essential amino acids including lysine and methionine; stabilized the integrity of DNA. Conclusion The presence of nutraceuticals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, pigments, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and essential oils in the supplemented herbs is the causative factor for increased nutritional quality through higher rates of transcription and antioxidation, in addition to the bioenhancer effect, which promoted protein intake

Growth Promoting Potential and Colonization Ability of Probiotics (Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis) on the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-Larvae

The probiotic effects of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis were studied on survival, growth, concentrations of basic biochemical constituents, activities of digestive enzymes, and their colony establishments in the gut of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae (PL). Eleven groups of PL (2.03±0.05 in length and 0.18±0.01g in weight), each consists of 35 individuals maintained in 25 L of ground water and fed ad libitum with five serially diluted concentrations, 10-1, 10-3, 10-5, 10-7 and 10-9 of B. coagulans, and B. subtilis incorporated diets containing 40% protein, for 45 days. Diet without incorporation of any of these probiotics was served as control. These probiotics were found to be alive in the respective feed even on day-15 after their formulations. Significant improvement in survival, nutritional indices (weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio), contents of basic biochemical constituents (total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid) and activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase) were observed (P<0.05), particularly in 10-7 concentration of B. coagulans, and B. subtilis incorporated diets fed PL when compared with control. The biochemical confirmation tests revealed that presence of Escherichia coli, Acetonobacter sp., Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas sp., in the gut of control PL. In the gut of PL fed with B. coagulans incorporated diet, Acetonobacter sp., Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas sp., were found to be competitively excluded, whereas, in the gut of PL fed with B. subtilis incorporated diet, Acetonobacter sp., and Salmonella sp., only were found to be excluded competitively. Actually, colonies of Bacillus sp., and Lactobacillus sp., were found to be establishment in the gut of PL fed with B. coagulans, and B. subtilis incorporated diets. Overall, these probiotics incorporated diets produced better growth and survival due to better FCR and activities of digestive enzymes, which in turn led to better nutritional profile. Therefore they are recommended as feed additives for sustainable culture of M. rosenbergii

Influence of combined probiotics Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis on survival, growth, biochemical changes and energy utilization performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) post larvae

A 90-day feeding experiment was studied to determine the influence of the bacterial combination Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis (LS+BS) on survival, growth, biochemical constituents and energy utilization performance of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). Experimental diets were the same, except for the variation in probiotic levels. The probiotics LS+BS (4:3) were used at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% inclusion rates in the experimental diets. After the feeding trail, the growth parameters of the PLs, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet as compared with control. The food conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. The biochemical composition of the total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid ash content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. However, insignificant difference was recorded in moisture content between control and experimental groups. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet fed PL.  These results revealed the benefits of the incorporation of the probiotic (LS+BS) in aqua feed for M. rosenbergii PL

Replacement

The fishmeal replaced with Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Azolla pinnata and the formulated diet fed to Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae to assess the enhancement ability of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C and E), enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and lipid peroxidation (LPx) were analysed. In the present study, the S. platensis, C. vulgaris and A. pinnata inclusion diet fed groups had significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the levels of vitamins C and E in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissue. Among all the diets, the replacement materials in 50% incorporated feed fed groups showed better performance when compared with the control group in non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. The 50% fishmeal replacement (best performance) diet fed groups taken for enzymatic antioxidant study, in SOD, CAT and LPx showed no significant increases when compared with the control group. Hence, the present results revealed that the formulated feed enhanced the vitamins C and E, the result of decreased level of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and LPx) revealed that these feeds are non-toxic and do not produce any stress to postlarvae. These ingredients can be used as an alternative protein source for sustainable Macrobrachium culture