A Review on Eco-Friendly Technology Green Computing: Latest Practice in a Global Era

InModern era of globalization computers plays vital role in every field. They are a part of our life, so use of computers are increased day by day to fulfill our need. A large amount of electricity required for manufacturing of computer peripheral unit, such as CPU, Memory Unit, Monitor and functional unit etc. By this a large amount of carbon content is harmful to environment.These carbon contents directly or indirectly dangerous to human being and to the earth. There are many technique used by intelligent people to overcome this problem, one of that technique is “Green computingâ€.Green Computing is the emerging technology which takes responsibility of eco-friendly use of computer and their resources.In recent years, companies in the computer industry, manufacturer or vendors have come to realize that going green is the best solution, manufacturing the energy efficient computing resources, green use,in these terms of public relations and reduced costs.In today’s world the e-waste the major issue, green technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to keep under control the negative impacts of human involvement. The main focus of this paper is to save the energy, reduce the carbon foot prints, increase the paperless work, encouraging the recyclability of digital devices, reducing the use of dangerous material, reuse the old computer devices and make environment green by providing some new ideas or techniques

Comparison of aerosol products retrieved from AERONET, MICROTOPS and MODIS over a tropical urban city, Pune, India

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measurements from Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET; level 2.0), Microtops - II sun-photometer and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (Terra and Aqua; level 2, collection 5, dark target) were compared and used to characterize aerosols over Pune, India. AODs from Microtops and MODIS were compared with those measured by AERONET to evaluate the measurement quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic comparison of MODIS aerosol products over Pune, India. The results of the analysis show that during 2008-10, 68 to 84 of the MODIS AODs fell within an expected error, as defined by the MODIS science team, and thus the retrievals from this system are validated and accepted. In addition, during pre-monsoon periods MODIS retrievals are better-matched with ground-based measurements. On the seasonal scale, MODIS retrievals corroborate well with ground-based measurements, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.62 to 0.93. Despite an overall satellite-ground agreement, MODIS tends to under-estimate AOD during winter, and this may be due to improper assumptions of surface reflectance and the incorrect selection of aerosol types. AERONET retrieved single scattering albedo (SSA) values in winter (0.82-0.86), suggesting the dominance of absorbing aerosols, slightly increased (0.87-0.89) in pre-monsoon season, indicating more scattering type of aerosols. These values are about 8.9-1.1 lower than those of the assumed SSA values in the MODIS algorithm

Circular Hough Transform For Detecting And Measuring Circles of Object

This article presents a robust method for detecting and measuring the circles of industrial object like water pump pulley(WPP-44), images based on circular Hough transform. The software of the application is based on detecting and measuring the circles surrounding of that object. The objective of this application is the recognition of circular shapes in an image. This paper presents efficient implementation of Image Processing technique for measurement of dimension of the object used in Turbine system. The proposed work makes use of the Matlab software for the said work..At First an segmentation or edge detection technique is used for finding the edges in the input image, then the characteristic points of circles are determined, after this process the pattern of the circles is extracted, and then with the help of other extraction parameter of the diameter of object(WPP-44). DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15023

Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Fungal Laccase from Pleurotus sp.

Laccases are blue copper oxidases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) that catalyze the one-electron oxidation of phenolics, aromatic amines, and other electron-rich substrates with the concomitant reduction of O2 to H2O. They are currently seen as highly interesting industrial enzymes because of their broad substrate specificity. A positive strain was isolated and characterized as nonspore forming Basidiomycetes Pleurotus sp. Laccase activity was determined using ABTS as substrate. Laccase was purified by ionexchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified laccase was a monomer showed a molecular mass of 40 ± 1 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE and a 72-fold purification with a 22% yield. The optimal pH and temperature were 4.5 and 65°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values are 250 (mM) and 0.33 (μmol/min), respectively, for ABTS as substrate. Metal ions like CuSO4, BaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl2, ZnCl2 have no effect on purified laccase whereas HgCl2 and MnCl2 moderately decrease enzyme activity. SDS and sodium azide inhibited enzyme activity, whereas Urea, PCMB, DTT, and mercaptoethanol have no effect on enzyme activity. The isolated laccase can be used in development of biosensor for detecting the phenolic compounds from the effluents of paper industries

Fast simulation of a quantum phase transition in an ion-trap realisable unitary map

We demonstrate a method of exploring the quantum critical point of the Ising universality class using unitary maps that have recently been demonstrated in ion trap quantum gates. We reverse the idea with which Feynman conceived quantum computing, and ask whether a realisable simulation corresponds to a physical system. We proceed to show that a specific simulation (a unitary map) is physically equivalent to a Hamiltonian that belongs to the same universality class as the transverse Ising Hamiltonian. We present experimental signatures, and numerical simulation for these in the six-qubit case.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Drug utilization review of anticancer drugs in cancer outpatient department of the Government Medical College, Aurangabad

Background: To study drug utilization of anticancer drugs in cancer outpatient department (OPD) of Government Medical College, Aurangabad.Methods: Five hundred and twelve prescription records were screened and analyzed as per the study parameters from cancer OPD of Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad. Commonly used anticancer drugs were recorded; furthermore, different types of carcinomas were noted.Results: Age group of patients was in between 30 and 70, 267 were females and 245 were male patients. The most common type of carcinoma was carcinoma of the breast (17.9%). Carboplatin was the most commonly used anticancer drug (26.56%). The average number of anticancer drugs received per patient was three.Conclusion: WHO suggested drug utilization studies are needed in every health care setting. For a developing country like India, National Drug Policy and Drugs and Therapeutic Committee are a must

Beneficiation of iron ore fines by conventional flotation, flotation column and dual extraction column – A pilot scale study

Goa state in India is endowed with large deposits of low-grade iron ores, geologically formed from lower Dharwar super group of Archaean rocks. Petrological studies have revealed that silica and alumina are the main gangue minerals where alumina exists as fine clay and adherent material interspersed in the ore body and in some cases both silica and alumina interlocked with iron ore particles. Efficiency of conventional flotation, column flotation and dual extraction column for separation of gangue was studied on a pilot scale at Greater Ferromet Beneficiation Plant of M/s. Sociedade De Fomento Industrial Ltd., Goa. Reverse flotation process was adopted wherein gangue minerals silica and alumina were floated using cationic amine collector. Sodium hydroxide and starch were used to regulate the slurry pH and to depress iron ore, respectively. Various iron ore samples drawn from different mines and their mixtures were subjected to the test work. Results of pilot scale tests clearly indicate the superiority of flotation column vis-a-vis conventional cells and dual extraction column. Iron ore concentrate assaying 67 % Fe and 2 % Si02 and AI203 with a recovery of 85 - 90 % could be obtained by single stage flotation column operation

Dark matter-baryons separation at the lowest mass scale: the Bullet Group

We report on the X-ray observation of a strong lensing selected group, SL2S J08544-0121, with a total mass of $2.4 \pm 0.6 \times 10^{14}$ $\rm{M_\odot}$ which revealed a separation of $124\pm20$ kpc between the X-ray emitting collisional gas and the collisionless galaxies and dark matter (DM), traced by strong lensing. This source allows to put an order of magnitude estimate to the upper limit to the interaction cross section of DM of 10 cm$^2$ g$^{-1}$. It is the lowest mass object found to date showing a DM-baryons separation and it reveals that the detection of bullet-like objects is not rare and confined to mergers of massive objects opening the possibility of a statistical detection of DM-baryons separation with future surveys.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. Typos correcte

Semicommercial scale studies using flotation column and dual extraction column on iron ores of Goa, India

Goa state in India is endowed with large deposits of low-grade iron ores, geologically formed from the lower Dharwar super group of Archaean rocks. Petrological studies have revealed that silica and alumina are the main gangue minerals. where alumina exists as fine clay and adherent material interspersed in ore body and in some cases both silica and alumina are interlocked with iron ore particles. The amenability of Columnflotation and Dual Extraction Column to remove such gangue was studied by installing test units at the Greater Ferromet beneficiation plant of M/s. Sociedade De Fomento Industrial Ltd., Goa. A reverse flotation process was adopted wherein gangue minerals containing silica and alumina are floated using cationic collector. Sodium hydroxide and starch were used to regulate the slurry pH and depress the iron ore, respectively. Iron ores of different mines and their mixtures were studied using different cationic collectors. The effect of both process and column parameters on grade and recovery were established. The results clearly suggest that iron ore concentrate assaying 67% Fe and 2% Si02 and Ah03 could be obtained with a recovery of 85-90% by single stage column operation. The better performance of flotation column over Dual Extraction Column in terms of reduction of gangue was also brought out in this study

Modelling transmission and control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis within Irish dairy herds with compact spring calving

Paratuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection of the intestine in cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). To better understand Map transmission in Irish dairy herds, we adapted the French stochastic individual-based epidemiological simulation model to account for seasonal herd demographics. We investigated the probability of Map persistence over time, the within-herd prevalence over time, and the relative importance of transmission pathways, and assessed the relative effectiveness of test-and-cull control strategies. We investigated the impact on model outputs of calf separation from cows (calves grazed on pasture adjacent to cows vs. were completely separated from cows) and test-and-cull. Test-and-cull scenarios consisted of highly test-positive cows culled within 13 or 4 weeks after detection, and calf born to highly test-positive cows kept vs removed. We simulated a typical Irish dairy herd with on average 82 lactating cows, 112 animals in total. Each scenario was iterated 1000 times to adjust variation caused by stochasticity. Map was introduced in the fully naive herd through the purchase of a moderately infectious primiparous cow. Infection was considered to persist when at least one infected animal remained in the herd or when Map was present in the environment. The probability of Map persistence 15 years after introduction ranged between 32.2-42.7 % when calves and cows had contact on pasture, and between 18.9-29.4 % when calves and cows were separated on pasture. The most effective control strategy was to cull highly test-positive cows within four weeks of detection (absolute 10 % lower persistence compared to scenarios without control). Removing the offspring of highly test-positive dams did not affect either Map persistence or within-herd prevalence of Map. Mean prevalence 15 years after Map introduction was highest (63.5 %) when calves and cows had contact on pasture. Mean prevalence was 15 % lower (absolute decrease) when cows were culled within 13 weeks of a high test-positive result, and 28 % lower when culled within 4 weeks. Around calving, the infection rate was high, with calves being infected in utero or via the general indoor environment (most important transmission routes). For the remainder of the year, the incidence rate was relatively low with most calves being infected on pasture when in contact with cows. Testing and culling was an effective control strategy when it was used prior to the calving period to minimize the number of highly infectious cows present when calves were born