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Not AvailableAn experiment of one and half month was conducted to perceive the growth performance and survivability of Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings in earthen pond fed with different feed ingredients. These were four distinct types of feed ingredients with different percent of protein content in rice bran (RB) 14%, mustard oil cake (MOC) 30%, Floating feed (FF) 32% and fish meal (FM) 45% respectively. These all feed stuffs are formulated as EF-I (RB+MOC), EF-II (RB+FF) and EF-III (RB+FM) Three experimental ponds with uniform sizes of rectangular earthen ponds (20 × 10 × 1.5) meters with triplicate replication was conducted. Ompok pabda experiment was started with few old days’ fingerling having an average weight and length of (1.609 gm) and (6.85cm) respectively. 70 fishes were initially stocked. The highest gain in weight P3C (9.20gm), P1C (6.70gm) & P2C (5.40gm), Length P1C (9.8cm), (P3C 8.8cm) & (P2 8.6cm), Average Daily Weight Gain P3C( 0.175), P1C (0.692) & P2C (0.062), Specific Growth Rate P3C (2.102), P1C (1.731) & P21 (1.114), and Survivability of fishes P1C (97%), P3B (82%) & P3A (97%) And lowest Food Conversion Rate after experiment was P3B (0.488), P1C (0.692) & P2C (1.378) respectively. Beside this, the water quality parameters showed most of the fluctuations in phosphate level in water as compared to pH, Ammonia, Temperature, Dissolve oxygen and others. The result implies that fish has better growth performance and survivability with EF-III firstly and secondly in EF-I as compare to EF-II respectively.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment of 45 days was conducted to perceive the acceptability of different feed ingredients via Tor tor (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings in earthen pond. The protein content of the ingredients Rice bran (RB), Mustard Oil cake (MOC), Floating feed and fish meal is recorded as 14%, 30%, 32%, and 45% respectively. These all feed stuffs are formulated as EFI (RB+MOC), EFII (RB+FF) and EFIII (RB+FM). Three experimental ponds uniform sizes of rectangular earthen ponds (20 × 10 × 1.5) meters with triplicate replication was conducted. Tor tor fingerlings were collected from Narmada River at Dongarwara ghat in the Hoshangabad. Experiment was started with few days’ old fingerling having an average length Pond 1 (EF1) 7.01, (EF2) 6.23, (EF3), Pond 2 (EF1) 6.64, (EF2) 7.00, (EF3) 6.62 and Pond 3 (EF1) 6.50, (EF2) 6.96, (EF3) 6.85cm respectively and average weight Pond 1 (EF1) 3.93, (EF2) 3.55, (EF3) 4.06, Pond 2 (EF1) 3.53, (EF2) 3.88, (EF3) 3.72and Pond 3 (EF1) 3.24, (EF2) 4.00, (EF3) 4.09gm of respectively. 70 fishes were initially stocked. During the experiment acceptability of feed was recorded lowest during initial 03 days. Average acceptability was recorded starting 3 day with EF1 (10- 12.5%), EF2 (14-15%) and EF3 (17-20%). Acceptability increased during the last 15 days it was highest with maximum acceptability of EF3 (96-97 %). The acceptability of fish meal was found to be highest as compared to others.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBackground/Aims: GnIH receptors (GnIHRs) belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and play a key role in the regulation of reproduction from fishes to mammals, either by inhibiting or stimulating the expression of gonadotropins. The aim of this study was to characterize GnIH receptor (GnIHR2) from Indian Major Carp, Labeo catla and its docking and simulation with GnIH antagonist RF313. Methods: The full length sequence of GnIHR2 was obtained with RACE PCR. The docking analysis of RF313 with GnIHR2 receptor was performed with AutoDock v. 4.2.6 and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with GROMACS 5.0. Results: In the present study, we cloned full-length cDNA (1733 bp) of GnIHR2 from the brain of L. catla. The phylogenetic analysis showed clustering of catla GnIHR2 with goldfish and zebrafish in the GPR147 group. L. catla GnIHR2 receptor comprised seven transmembrane domains and the 3D-structure was predicted by I-TASSER tool. The docking analysis revealed high binding affinity (-11.6 kcal/mol) of GnIH antagonist, RF313 towards GnIHR2 receptor. The primary bonds involved were alkyl and hydrogen bonds while the amino acids participated were proline 43, 210, 339, cysteine 214, leucine 211, serine 213 and phenylalanine 338. The MD simulation analysis of docked complex for 100 nano-seconds (ns) in the lipid membrane environment showed the stability of the complex with time. Conclusion: Our study showed that GnIH antagonist, RF313 interact tightly with the GnIH receptor, GnIHR2 of L. catla. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on computational modelling and MD simulation of GnIH receptor in fishes. This will help in functional characterization studies of GnIH/GnIHR system in vertebrates.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) plays an important role in reproduction by inhibiting the expression of gonadotropins in birds and mammals, but in fishes, it is ambiguous. In this study, we cloned 606 bp long cDNA of GnIH from Catla catla brain (cGnIH). The encoded preproGnIH peptide generated three putative peptides (cGnIH-I, -II, -III) of different size. Phylogenetic analysis of GnIH showed clustering of different peptide sequence with its orthologs in separate clades. The real-time PCR analysis showed the expression of cGnIH in brain, gonads, intestine, stomach, heart, gill and liver with the highest expression in the brain and gonads of both sexes. The basal GnIH mRNA expression was higher in spawning and spent phase of the male brain and spawning phase of the female brain. In testis, the expression was highest in spent phase, while in ovary the expression did not change significantly during reproductive phases. The in vivo experiment of cGnIH-III peptide exhibited the higher expression of HPG axis genes, lhb, fshb, cgnrh, kiss2 and kiss1r and serum hormonelevel of LH and FSH as soon as 3 h after the intramuscular delivery. These results suggest that the GnIH is positively involved in regulation of reproduction in HPG axis of C. catlaNot Availabl

Yield Gap Analysis and Impact Assessment of Rapeseed- Mustard through Cluster Front Line Demonstrations in Khowai District of Tripura, India

The present study was carried out by KVK Khowai Tripura to know the yield gaps between improved practices under frontline demonstration and farmers practice of rapeseed- mustard crops. The productivity ranged from 8.00 to 10.50 q/ ha with average yield under demonstration recorded 9.24 q/ ha under improved technology on farmers field as against a yield ranged from 5.50 to 6.50 q/ ha with a mean of 5.88 q/ ha recorded under farmers practice. However, in the demonstration plot the yield enhancement due to technological intervention was 36.21% over the farmers practice. An average net returns of Rs 18,644/- at demonstrations plot, while the average net returns from farmers practice is Rs 7046/-. The additional cost of Rs 5565/- gave additional net return; it is Rs. 11,510/- per hectare, respectively. The increase benefit cost ratio was also estimated; it ranged from 1.38 to 1.87 in recommended practices and 1.22 to 1.47 in farmers practice. An extension gap of 3.36 q/ ha was found between demonstrated technology and farmers practice, technology gap was observed 3.23 q/ ha, whereas technology index 24.86%. Therefore, CFLD of rapeseed- mustard was an effective for increasing the productivity and cropping intensity (%) of rapeseed- mustard and changing the knowledge, attitude and skill of the farmers. This created greater awareness and motivated the other farmers to adopt improved practices of rapeseed- mustard

Validation of a Mobile Health Technology Platform (FeverTracker) for Malaria Surveillance in India: Development and Usability Study

BackgroundA surveillance system is the foundation for disease prevention and control. Malaria surveillance is crucial for tracking regional and temporal patterns in disease incidence, assisting in recorded details, timely reporting, and frequency of analysis. ObjectiveIn this study, we aim to develop an integrated surveillance graphical app called FeverTracker, which has been designed to assist the community and health care workers in digital surveillance and thereby contribute toward malaria control and elimination. MethodsFeverTracker uses a geographic information system and is linked to a web app with automated data digitization, SMS text messaging, and advisory instructions, thereby allowing immediate notification of individual cases to district and state health authorities in real time. ResultsThe use of FeverTracker for malaria surveillance is evident, given the archaic paper-based surveillance tools used currently. The use of the app in 19 tribal villages of the Dhalai district in Tripura, India, assisted in the surveillance of 1880 suspected malaria patients and confirmed malaria infection in 93.4% (114/122; Plasmodium falciparum), 4.9% (6/122; P vivax), and 1.6% (2/122; P falciparum/P vivax mixed infection) of cases. Digital tools such as FeverTracker will be critical in integrating disease surveillance, and they offer instant data digitization for downstream processing. ConclusionsThe use of this technology in health care and research will strengthen the ongoing efforts to eliminate malaria. Moreover, FeverTracker provides a modifiable template for deployment in other disease systems