How Participatory is Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)? A Study of Water User Associations (WUAs) in Andhra Pradesh

It is argued that the reason for the ills of irrigation management is the alienation of farmers from the process of planning and implementation. Often 'lack of political will' is identified as the main reason for the tardy progress in irrigation reforms at the state level. Andhra Pradesh has demonstrated the political will by initiating widespread irrigation reforms through legislation. This paper, based on the situation after six years of WUAs in existence, makes an attempt to provide a comprehensive view on the status and functioning of the Water Users' Associations in the State. It is argued that while substantial amounts of money were spent on the reform process, the money was used mainly for improving the ailing irrigation systems rather than strengthening the formal institutional structures. Though some benefits in terms of increased area under irrigation in canal systems and improved quality of irrigation is evident, the sustainability of these benefits is rather uncertain in the absence of efficient institutional structures. Despite the fact that WUAs are promoted as non-political institutions, 'elite capture' and political involvement dominate their functioning. And the present trend appears to be towards further politicization of these institutions. More importantly, even after six years of their existence devolution of powers to WUAs has not taken place, as most of the important functions like assessment, collection of water charges, sanctioning of works, etc., are still in the hands of the irrigation department. In the absence of devolution of powers the WUAs are aiming for political gains rather than improving the systems. It is argued that political will is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for making the WUAs autonomous and self-sufficient. Restructuring and reforming of the State irrigation departments and the bureaucracy is critical for effective and sustainable irrigation institutions.participatory, Irrigation Management, water, Andhra Pradesh

Pelaksanaan Hukum Waris Islam pada Masyarakat Sakai di Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis Provinsi Riau

The kinship system influences the thought and the way of ownership of property and the way how to settle the transfer of property. This can be seen in the practice of distributing inheritance throughout Indonesia and it is practiced by Sakai community in Mandau Subdistrict. Sakai community thats follows matrilineal system is contrary to the Islamic line of descent (bilateral system). Sakai inheritance system which is done collectively is also contrary to the Islamic law which is done individually. The research was about Sakai adat community that was Moslems. It was conducted in Mandau Subdistrict, Bengkalis District, Riau Province. The result of the research showed that the community had known the Islamic inheritance law (faraidh), but not all community had known the Islamic inheritance law (faraidh) which could be seen from the portion of the inheritance. Dispute in distributing inheritance to Sakai community could be settled by reconciliation, either through family reconciliation with or through reconciliation with adat leaders

Kesinoniman Verba Oriru Dalam Bahasa Jepang (Kajian Semantik)

Oriruin Japanesewhichmeans ''turun ''in Indonesian has an unique characteristicsdue to it has twokanjis, (降りる)and(下りる). Based on its semantic meaning, oriru verb of A could be substituted for oriru verb of B in a sentence which describes a down movement of vehicle. Besides, oriru verb of A isused to describe the down motion in a change of venue, while下りる is merely used to describethe down motion

Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Role Playing untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah Dasar

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah guru menggunakan metode bercerita dalam menyampaikan materi pada mata pelajaran IPS. Pembelajaran cenderung berorientasi pada guru, sehingga kurang terjalin interaksi antara guru dengan siswa, dan siswa dengan siswa. Hal ini mengakibatkan kurangnya motivasi belajar pada siswa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran di kelas. Hasil belajar siswa juga belum memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang ditentukan. Kondisi tersebut membutuhkan suatu pembelajaran yang dapat menyelaraskan ranah kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor yaitu dengan menerapkan metode pembelajarn role playing pada mata pelajaran IPS. Metode role playing diterapkan karena dapat membangun semangat dan antusiasme siswa dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SDN Kedunggempol, Mojokerto. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, angket dan tes hasil belajar siswa. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi guru dan siswa, motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan suatu peningkatan pada setiap aspek tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode role playing pada pembelajaran IPS dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SDN Kedunggempol, Mojokerto

Gerak Tangan Sebagai Isyarat Dalam Masyarakat Jepang Dan Masyarakat Indonesia

This article describes phenomenon of similarities and differences gestures which have similarities and differences in the interpretation of the meaning of Japan society and Indonesia society. In Japan society and Indonesia society, equations of motion cues with similar meaning indicating similarities mindsets. In contrast, differences in gestures with different meanings show different mindset. This paper also describes some cases phenomenon of gesture interpretation misunderstandings caused by cultural differences between speaker and listener. To learn a language, is to learn the culture contained therei